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Paul Griffiths, Scientific Director of the EMCDDA, 28 October 2013

Factual overview of current trends in drug consumption, types of drugs and their physical impact Drug Policy Reform - Parliamentary Seminar. Paul Griffiths, Scientific Director of the EMCDDA, 28 October 2013. EMCDDA: The EU drug information agency. Collecting and analysing existing data

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Paul Griffiths, Scientific Director of the EMCDDA, 28 October 2013

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  1. Factual overview of current trends in drug consumption, types of drugs and their physical impact DrugPolicy Reform - ParliamentarySeminar • Paul Griffiths, Scientific Director of the EMCDDA, • 28 October 2013

  2. EMCDDA: The EU drug information agency • Collecting and analysing existing data • Structured reporting tools (national reports, • structured questionnaires and standard tables) • Network of 30 focal points: 28 MS, Croatia, Turkey • Cooperation with European and international • organisations and third countries • Improving data-comparison methods • Guidelines and standards, ad hoc working groups, • technical meetings, … • Disseminating data

  3. EMCDDA: Areas of work Drug situation • Epidemiology (drug situation including five key epidemiological indicators) • Supply and market information Trends • New drugs and polydrug use • New threats and developments Responses • Prevention, treatment, harm reduction and social reintegration • Supply reduction activities • Best practice Policies, laws and economic issues

  4. The European drug policy landscape in 2013 • After 30+ years with heroin centre stage in Europe — there are now signs of a decline • The use of other ‘old drugs’ is overall stable but with some new developments • New psychoactive substances are on the increase

  5. Cannabis use in Europe 77 million adults ever used cannabis 15.4 million young adults used last year

  6. 3 million daily cannabis users Young males over represented

  7. Cannabis – rising treatment demand Second most frequently reported drug – all treatment clients Cannabis Cannabis

  8. Cannabis market changes: from resin to herb 2001 2011 Herb Resin

  9. Opioids Europe’s biggest drug problem 1.4 million problem opioid users

  10. Heroin use – signs of a decline Opioids > • Fewer new clients entering treatment • Ageing treatment cohort • Less heroin injecting Heroin users in treatment

  11. Increasing treatment provision About 50% of problem opioid users (730 000) received substitution treatment in 2011

  12. Heroin market changes • Decreasing seizures • Acute shortages in some • countries late 2010/early 2011 • Replacements: other opioids, • amphetamines, synthetic cathinones, • benzodiazepines, • Fentanyl — a particular concern

  13. Stimulants 2.5 million young Europeans used cocaine in the last year 1.8 million used ecstasy 1.7 million used amphetamines

  14. Stimulants: increasingly complex market • Stable or declining trends individually but not collectively • More innovation in production • MDMA bounce back • Methamphetamine on the rise

  15. Cocaine decline (high-prevalence countries) Stimulants > • Recent surveys • Treatment presentations • Hospital emergencies • Deaths

  16. Number of cocaine seizures and quantity seized

  17. Number of ecstasy seizures and tablets seized

  18. Signs of more methamphetamine Amphetamine Methamphetamine

  19. Lifetime use of 'legal highs' in the EU 15–24 year olds, percentage by country, n > 12000 In certain countries some new substances that imitate the effects of illicit drugs are being sold as legal substances in the form of - for example - powders, tablets/pills or herbs. Have you ever used such substances?

  20. Information exchange / Early warning Risk assessment European Union mechanism on new psychoactive substances Decision-making on control

  21. Risk assessment of NPS Formalisedguidelines Health risks, social risks, organised crime Diffusion potential • 4-MA (2012) – 24 deaths • Controlled EU - Council Decision March 2013 • 5-IT (2013) – 21 deaths • Controlled EU - Council Decision October 2013

  22. 4 new joints report under preparation • Methoxetamine – a dissociative • AH-7921 – an opioid • 25I-NBOMe – a stimulant • MDPV – a hallucinogen

  23. Factual overview of current trends in drug consumption, types of drugs and their physical impact DrugPolicy Reform - ParliamentarySeminar • Paul Griffiths, Scientific Director of the EMCDDA, • 28 October 2013

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