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The Feudal System and the Crusades

The Feudal System and the Crusades. The Feudal System. Feudalism: a way of organizing and governing people based on land and service Homage: a formal ceremony establishing feudal ties between a lord and a vassal

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The Feudal System and the Crusades

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  1. The Feudal System and the Crusades

  2. The Feudal System • Feudalism: a way of organizing and governing people based on land and service • Homage: a formal ceremony establishing feudal ties between a lord and a vassal • Code of Chivalry: a code of conduct for knights based on courtesy, honor, and loyalty to the church • Manorialism: a self-contained economic and agricultural system • Fief: an estate with peasants, led by a nobleman in exchange for loyalty and military help • Vassal: a nobleman who served a higher-ranking lord and • who held land for that lord • Lord: a nobleman who controlled a fief • Lady: a noblewoman • Serf: a peasant laborer bound to a nobleman

  3. The Crusades • Crusades: Eight major wars undertaken by Christians to recapture the Holy Land in Palestine from the Muslims. Crusade means “war of the cross”. • The Holy Land was sacred to Christianity, Islam, and Judaism • The Muslims capture Jerusalem in 638. The Arab Muslims did not stop Christians from visiting the Holy Land. • The Turkish Muslims capture Jerusalem in 1076

  4. Different Points of View During the Crusades • 1st Crusade • Christians – Want to recapture the Holy Land in Palestine from Muslims • Turkish Muslims – Block the pilgrimage routes that Christians used to visit the Holy Land • Emperor of the Byzantine Empire in Constantinople (Alexius I) – Needs help from the Roman Catholic Church to defend the Byzantine Empire   • Pope of the Catholic Church (Pope Urban II) – Believes that it is God’s will to defeat the Muslims and promises God’s forgiveness of past sins to all who join the army

  5. Different Points of View During the Crusades (cont.) • 3rd Crusade • Salidin (Sultan of Egypt) – United the Muslim people in the Holy Land and re-captured Jerusalem • King Richard Lionhearted of England – Negotiates an agreement to allow Christian pilgrimages it Jerusalem.

  6. Different Points of View During the Crusades (cont.) • 4th Crusade • Greek prince Alexius – Wants to be the emperor of the Byzantine Empire and promises to help Christians re-conquer the holy land if they help him claim the throne • Children’s Crusade • German and French children believed they could accomplish what the older crusaders could not. Many died while crossing the Alps, and many others were sold as slaves. • 6th Crusade • Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II – Regains Jerusalem for 10 years by diplomacy

  7. Changes Because of the Crusades • 1. The Crusades were the first united effort of Western Europe. • 2. There was a religious motive for fighting rather than the usual reasons for fighting: greed, ambition, and revenge. • 3. The Crusades stopped the Muslim expansion. • 4. The Crusades increased the power of kings, since many of their more powerful vassals were away. • 5. They accelerated the rise of cities since the feudal lords needed the cities’ help to finance their trips.

  8. More Changes Because of the Crusades: • 6. They improved relations between lords and peasants and tended to unite the society. • 7. Europeans became more familiar with geography, not only of the Mediterranean region, but their own countries. • 8. Europeans became aware of new products, new methods of farming, and the writings of Greeks and Romans that had been long forgotten in Europe. • 9. Europeans discovered that the Muslims were scholars, not barbarians. • 10. The idea that religious wars were pleasing to God caused the bloodshed and persecution of small minority groups in Europe.

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