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The EU’s Neighbourhood Policy in the Mediterranean Area The Young Generation Iván Martín

The EU’s Neighbourhood Policy in the Mediterranean Area The Young Generation Iván Martín SAHWA Project Coordinator CIDOB, Barcelona Center for International Affairs. THE YOUNG GENERATION.

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The EU’s Neighbourhood Policy in the Mediterranean Area The Young Generation Iván Martín

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  1. TheEU’sNeighbourhood Policy in theMediterraneanArea The Young Generation Iván Martín SAHWA Project CoordinatorCIDOB, Barcelona Center for International Affairs

  2. THE YOUNG GENERATION • Population: 60 million young people in Arab Mediterranean Countries (15-30 years old) (largest group in society) In 2020, 70 million • Education: Close to 6 million illiterate (10%) Average university enrolment rate: 30% • NEET: 30% in a very prudent estimate: 20 mill. • 3/4 of them young women • THE PRESENT, NOT THE FUTURE • EXCLUSION AS DEFINING FEATURE

  3. Youth in AMCs (60 millions 15-30 old) In education (33% - 20 mill.) In formal employment (2% -1,2 mill.) In informal employment (25% -15 mill.) NEET - neither in education nor in employment or training (40% -24 mill.) UfM Regional Employability Review 2012 (ETF)

  4. YOUTH AS A PROBLEM • Arab Spring as an alarm indicator of the problem of youth and youth as a problem: • Too many, too needy, badly educated…. • Frustrated and angry, unmarried graduates… • Anxious to migrate…..(EU Neighbourhood Barometer: 18% of Maghreb & 14% Mashrek youth 15-24 “likely to move in the next two years”) • Youth as an emergent social category: • object of “empowerment” and mobilization programmes • object of research (SAHWA, Power2Youth….) • object of specific policies (youth policies) •  INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IS MARGINAL FOR YOUTH LIVES IN AMCs

  5. Since 2011 more PROJECTS focused on youth… • Regional: Euromed Youth (€ 11 mill., 2010-2016) EU-CoEYouth Partnership NET-Med Youth (€ 8 mill.) (UNESCO) Exchanges, capacity-building, youth policies Regional Approach? • Bilateral: Long-existing Vocational Education and Training New Youth Employment projects in many countries Sectorial approach  Strategic Approach? (is youth considered when discussing DCFTAs, Mobility Partnerships or Neighbourhood Actions Plans?) ENP AND YOUTH IN MED

  6. ENP AND YOUTH IN MED • … but ENP still inadequate for youth inclusion • After the Arab Spring, cooperation has focused more on a) reaching out to new, unknown actors; b) supporting technical infrastructure of the transition process, where youth were largely excluded • Beneficiaries are still governments rather than people • Implemented largely through budget support and technical assistance to public institutions • Focused on reform and intensifying relations with the EU (exchanges, legal convergence) rather than on social services or direct support to people • Complexity (country programmes, several thematic programmes, regional programmes…) and heavy bureaucratic imperatives • Mobility is strongly restricted, even within Mobility Partnerships • ENP PERCEIVED AS REMOTE AND SELF-CONTAINED • HOW DOES THIS AFFECTS EU CREDIBILITY (DESPITE BEING A MAJOR DONOR)?

  7. AN ENP VISION FOR (YOUTH) INCLUSION & OWNERSHIP • Budget resources maintained… • 2014-2020: €10.26 bn. for ENI-South, €7.3 per inhabitant/year • … but ENP should aim integration, not cooperation Rationale of ENP is to extend the enlargement method; so partners should not be treated as third countries, but as members of the same community (co-responsibility): • Mobility (trainees, Mode IV service liberalization, some day job search visas) • Employment (Strategy Europe 2020, Euromed Employment Strategy/2010 Framework of Action, EURES, Youth Guarantee) • Regional development and cohesion (Structural Funds) • NEED FOR YOUTH MAINSTREAMING INTO ENP • AT STAKE: ROLE AND INFLUENCE OF THE EU AS A GLOBAL ACTOR

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