31. Peacebuilding III

1. 31. Peacebuilding III The Field Level

2. 31. Peacebuilding III: The Field Level • Learning Objectives: • Understand the management of peacebuilding in the field • Identify the most important actors • Familiar with the challenges at the field level

3. 31.1. Peacebuilding at the Field Level • Peacebuilding and Peacekeeping missions

4. 31.1. Peacebuilding at the Field Level • Peacebuilding Components

5. 31.1. Peacebuilding at the Field Level • Peacebuilding Tasks in action • Focus on: • DDR • Civil Military Coordination • Humanitarian Assistance

6. 31.1. Peacebuilding at the Field Level • The Importance of DDR

7. 31.1. Peacebuilding at the Field Level • Civil-Military Coordination (CIMIC)

8. 31.1. Peacebuilding at the Field Level • Humanitarian Assistance

9. 31.1. Peacebuilding at the Field Level • Human Rights

10. 31.2. Transitional Authority Missions • Differ from peacebuilding in one important respect: a much higher level of authority and control exercised over a country or territory

11. UN Transitional Administration in Eastern Slavonia, Baranja, and Western Sirmium (UNTAES) • Deployed in Jan. 1996 • Reintegrate these regions with Croatia • Performed civil administration tasks and exercised executive power over the region • Demilitarization, refugee resettlement, policing, demining, etc. • Mission concluded 1998

12. UN Transitional Authority in East Timor (UNTAET) • Deployed Oct. 1999 • Prepare the “non-self-governing” territory for independence • First UN mission to exercise complete executive and legislative control over an emerging state • East Timor independence on 20 May 2002 • UNTAET was succeeded by the United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET) in May 2002

13. 31.2. Transitional Authority Missions • The United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) • established on 10 June 1999 by Security Council Resolution 1244

14. UNSCR 1244 • Place Kosovo under interim UN administration (UNMIK); • Authorize a NATO-led peacekeeping force in Kosovo (KFOR); • Allow for the return of Yugoslav and Serbian personnel to maintain a presence at Serbian Patrimonial sites and key border crossings; • Direct UNMIK to establish provisional institutions of local self-government; • Reaffirm the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (i.e., Kosovo remains part of the FRY); • Require the UN to assure the safe and unimpeded return of all refugees and displaced persons to their homes in Kosovo and to ensure conditions for a peaceful and normal life for all inhabitants of the province; • Require that the KLA and other armed Kosovo Albanian groups be demilitarized; • Authorize the United Nations to facilitate a political process to determine Kosovo's future status.

15. 31.2. Transitional Authority Missions • UNMIK Tasks: • perform basic civilian administrative functions; • promote the establishment of substantial autonomy and self-government in Kosovo; • facilitate a political process to determine Kosovo's future status; • coordinate humanitarian and disaster relief of all international agencies; • support the reconstruction of key infrastructure; • maintain civil law and order; • promote human rights; and • assure the safe and unimpeded return of all refugees and displaced persons to their homes in Kosovo.

16. 31.2. Transitional Authority Missions • UNMIK Today • declaration of independence 17 February 2008 • Transfer of many UNMIK functions to provisional government of Kosovo before and after independence • Expansion of EU role with European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (EULEX) in December 2008 • KFOR still provides security

17. 31.3. Challenges at the Field Level • The magnitude of the task • Number of actors • Local ownership • The “spoiler” problem • Culture clashes