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Rise and Fall of Rome: From Gregorian Chant to Islamic Influence

Explore the turbulent journey of Rome – from its Gregorian chant beginnings to the Germanic Invasions and Attila the Hun's incursions, leading to the division of the Roman Empire. Witness the rise of Christianity, Constantine's conversion, and the Byzantium era, culminating in Justinian's reign and the construction of the Hagia Sophia. Dive into the complexities of Christian disunity, the laws of Justinian, and the captivating art and architecture of the 6th century. Discover the iconic mosaics, stained glass works, and profound historical figures that shaped Europe's religious and cultural landscape.

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Rise and Fall of Rome: From Gregorian Chant to Islamic Influence

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  1. Europe 0-600 • Warm Up: Into the Depths: Gregorian Chant

  2. Steady Decline of Rome • After the Death of Marcus Aurelia's (180 AD) • Germanic Invasions who had been trained by Rome to protect realm • Attila the Hun invasion in 450

  3. Two Romes • Western Rome Empire - Holy Roman • Eastern Roman Empire - Constantine- 330 AD Byzantium (Capitol: Constantinople)

  4. Rome spreads Christianity • Early Christian Church was persecuted and had no central leadership • Constantine has dream that God gave him victory in Civil War and converts to Christianity • Jews began to rebel and they were kicked out of their homeland. Known as the Diaspora • Led early on by Paul the Apostle- struggles with Jews and Pagans • By 380 A.D. (Ano Domini) it was the official religion of Rome

  5. War/ Church structure • Use of Greek fire to burn ships (flammable liquid copper tubes) • Moved up social pyramid by imperial service or religious service. • Formation of Bishops as feudal leaders of church

  6. Christian disunity of 4th and 5th Century • Included: bishops that claimed decadency • Similar vs. Identical essence (Father/Son) • Human or Divine • Martyrdom, Monastic Life and Celibacy as a path to divine • Was Jesus celibate?

  7. Justinian Emperor of Byzantium 527-565 • A code: written and organized laws • Was created so that even the powerful could be held accountable • Tried to reconstitute Classical Roman Empire • Rebuilt City after tax riots including the building of the Hagia Sophia Church

  8. Summary Questions • What are the two names of the fractured Roman Empire? • Who is credited with the spread of Christianity throughout Europe? • Which Byzantine Emperor adopted a code of law?

  9. St. Nicholas and Emperor Constantine and The Apostle Jude Thaddeus • 13th and 14th Century stained Glass

  10. Theodora Mosaic • Justinian’s Empress • Church of San Vitale Italy • 6th Century mosaic art

  11. St. Dimiter • Iconic Images of Saints the 6th Century were common • Here St. Dimiter a priest is slaying Satan represented by a dragon • Made from egg tempera (yolk mixed with color) and gold leaf (gold pounded into thin sheets)

  12. Church of Santa Sophia • Justinian orders it built in 532 – completed less than 6 years later • Ascending domes 165 feet at tallest point. • Church is pierced by light with many windows • Later Minarets (slender towers are added by Muslim architects and covered mosaic with circular screens

  13. Extra Credit Film: • Excalibur(Evidence and Interpretations) • Monty Python and the holy grail (Satire: Evidence and Interpretation )

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