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Magna Carta , Black Death, Hundred Years War

Magna Carta , Black Death, Hundred Years War. Royal Power in England. Magna Carta (or the Great Charter) limited royal power. King John (Henry II son) lost land (part of Normandy) to the French King, Philip II.

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Magna Carta , Black Death, Hundred Years War

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  1. Magna Carta, Black Death, Hundred Years War

  2. Royal Power in England • Magna Carta (or the Great Charter) limited royal power. • King John (Henry II son) lost land (part of Normandy) to the French King, Philip II. • King John was excommunicated by the Pope his rejection of the Archbishop of Canterbury position. England was placed under interdiction. (The interdiction was lifted after England agreed to pay an annual fee to Rome.)

  3. Royal Power in England • King John angered nobles with oppressive taxes and was forced to sign the Magna Carta. (p. 209) • A long list of feudal rights. • King could not raise taxes without first consulting his Great Council. (Taxation without representation) • Formed the basis of “due process of law”. • It stated that nobles had certain rights, later extended to all citizens. • Made it clear that the monarch must obey the law.

  4. Royal Power in England Magna Carta • Formed the basis of “due process of law”. • It stated that nobles had certain rights, later extended to all citizens. • Made it clear that the monarch must obey the law.

  5. Royal Power in England Representative assemblies • England – Parliament • France – Estates General • 3 classes: clergy, nobles & townspeople.

  6. The Black Death - 1348 Bubonic Plague • A global epidemic • The bubonic Plague came from fleas on rats from Asia. • One in three people died. • In China, the disease killed over 35 million people. • At its peak in Egypt the disease killed 7,000 a day.

  7. The Black Death - 1348 Bubonic Plague • Some Christians saw it as God’s punishment • The Church lost credibility & confidence of the people. • Priest fled rather than giving last rights to the dying. • Inflation soared, lack of workers.

  8. Hundred Years’ War • 1337 – 1453 war fought on French soil. • England battled to hold onto their holdings of French land. • Edward III of England claimed the French throne & war erupted. • In 1429, a 17 year old peasant woman persuaded the French king to let her lead his army against the English. (Joan of Arc)

  9. Hundred Years’ War • To the king’s amazement, Joan inspired the French troops. • She led the French to several victories & planted the seeds for future triumphs. • Joan of Arc was captured, turned over to the English, tried & convicted of witchcraft. • She was burned at the stake.

  10. Hundred Years’ War Before • Castles offered adequate protection • Armored knights dominated battlefields • England battled with French for control of France

  11. Hundred Years’ War After • English held only Calais in France • Longbow & cannon undermined value of knights & castles • Longbow was 6’ long, took years to master, could discharge 3 arrows at a time and could pierce all but the heaviest armor.

  12. Hundred Years’ War After • Parliament gained “power of the purse” • French royal power extended • Greater sense of national feeling in England & France • England began to look overseas for trading ventures

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