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The Hundred Years War. Carmen Huwe and Scott Veenhuis. What is the Hundred Years War?. The Hundred Years War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453, between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France and their various allies for control of the French throne.
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The Hundred Years War Carmen Huwe and Scott Veenhuis
What is the Hundred Years War? The Hundred Years War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453, between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France and their various allies for control of the French throne. As dukes of Normandy, the English Kings owed homage to the King of France. In 1337, Edward III of England refused to pay homage to Philip VI of France, which lead to the confiscation of Edward's lands in Aquitaine.
Why did Edward do this? Edward believed that he was the rightful king of France, because Charles the IV had died without a male heir. A claim for the succession had been made for Edward through his mother, Isabella, who was the daughter of former king of France, Philip IV. Instead, the throne was given to the son of Philip's younger brother, Charles.
What question do we want answer? Why did both sides continually break treaties, and wage war with one another? What would have been potentially gained?
Commonly divided into three phases • Edwardian Era War (1337-1360) • Caroline War (1369-1389) • Lancastrian War (1415-1453)
Edwardian Era War • Began in 1337 when Edward refused to pay homage to Philip. • Philip confiscated the duchy of Aquitaine. • Edward formed alliances with nobles of Flanders and the Low Countries • Although England was smaller than France, it was still able to muster a large army.
Edwardian Continued • England took control of large areas of southwestern France, and the northern coastal city of Calais. • Battle of Poitiers - 1356 • English captured King John of France • Treaty of Bretigny • John ransomed for 3 million crowns and Aquitaine given to England • Edward gave up claim to French throne
Caroline War • Fighting began again in 1369 when France and England backed different sides in a dispute over the Castilian throne • French throne was assumed by Charles V, who worked to rebuild French military. • Edward III and his son, the Black Prince, were increasingly unable to lead campaigns because of illness.
Caroline Continued • England was on the edge of financial collapse, as well as suffering from internal political problems • Charles VI of France was also suffering from mental illness, which handicapped the furthering of a war by the French Government. • England and France came to a peace agreement in 1389 through the Treaty of Leulinghem.
TRUCE! .... for now... • Both sides faced major internal issues that could badly damage their kingdoms if the war were to continue. • Originally negotiated to last 3 years, but was later extended by 24 years. • Peace lasted for 13 years until Henry made a series of aggressive political moves against France in 1402. • France re-entered war in 1403.
Lancastrian War • Henry V invaded France in 1415 • Battle of Agincourt • Outnumbered English won through use of longbow • English took control of most of Northern France • Negotiated a new treaty with Charles VI in 1420
Treaty of Troyes • The Treaty of Troyes was an agreement that Henry V of England, as well as his heirs was inherit the throne of France upon the death of Charles VI of France. • This was just the first phase in a series of conflicts later in the Hundred Years War in which various English kings attempted to establish their claims to the French throne.
Hundred Year's War: The Tide Turns • Charles VII essentially plays past the Treaty of Troyes and continues the war. • In 1428, English forces laid siege to Oreans. • English were gaining upper hand in siege, until the arrival of Joan of Arc. • After her capture and execution, French advance slowed.
Overall Victor of the War • English lost lands in France except for city Calais • French kept control of own throne • French land and economy devastated by war • English economy devastated. • MONEY! • Did either side really win?
Conclusion To answer our previous question, it seems as though the war was all about: • Controlling the French throne. • Gaining control over more land. • Alliances with outside forces. • Ignored homage to France, and ownership of the duchy of Aquitaine • National pride
Bibliography • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War • http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/battleswars12011400/tp/The-Hundred-Years-War-An-Overview.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truce_of_Leulinghem • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Troyes • http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/hundred_years_war_01.shtml
