COMPUTING Std IX

1. COMPUTINGStd IX

2. Ex 10.1 page 116Q1. Write any four field where computers is being used

3. Uses of ComputerText book PAGE No. 111 • Reservations in railways & airplanes. • Computerized bills of electricity, telephone, insurance premium. • Workers paybills

4. Uses of ComputerText book PAGE No. 111 • Merit list & Results of various organization. • Printing of news paper and magazines.. • Widely used in Banks, Share market & Insurance Company.

5. Uses of ComputerText book PAGE No. 111 • Scientific research. • Launching of satellite. • Forecasting of weather. • Television & cable advertisement etc.

6. Why do we need computers ? Text book PAGE No. 111 / 112 Ours is a knowledge oriented society and we are eager to • Have more and more knowledge, • Generate new knowledge. • Utilize the existing knowledge in best possible way and more efficiently.

7. Devices used for calculationText book PAGE No. 112 • Abacus • Logarithms • Slide rule • Pascal’s adding machine • Babbages analytical Engine • Turing machine • Calculator

8. Abacus

9. Abacus Abacus, instrument used in performing arithmetic calculations. Many early civilizations used the abacus. In ancient Roman culture it was a sand-covered wax tablet, marked table, or grooved table or tablet. A simplified form of abacus was used in medieval England. The abacus is still used in China and Japan.

10. Logarithms The first tables of logarithms were published independently by the Scottish mathematician John Napier in 1614 and the Swiss mathematician Justus Byrgius in 1620. The first table of common logarithms was compiled by the English mathematician Henry Briggs.

11. SLIDE RULE

12. SLIDE RULE Slide Rule Prior to the Invention of the hand-held calculator, the slide rule was a standard tool for engineers and scientists. Operating on the principle that all mathematical computations may be carried out on sets of sliding scales, the device looks much like a heavily calibrated ruler with a movable midsection. The midsection, called the sliding center scales, is engraved with fine lines to allow the user to align different logarithmic scales rapidly and efficiently. Multiplication, addition, subtraction, division, squaring, cubing, extracting roots, and more complicated calculations were computed regularly by adept users until well into the 1960s.

13. Pascal Adding Machine

14. Pascal Adding Machine Pascal (computer), a concise procedural computer programming language, designed 1967-71 by Niklaus Wirth. Pascal, a compiled, structured language, built upon ALGOL, simplifies syntax while adding data types and structures such as subranges, enumerated data types, files, records, and sets. Acceptance and use of Pascal exploded with Borland International's introduction in 1984 of Turbo Pascal, a high-speed, low-cost Pascal compiler for MS-DOS systems that has sold over a million copies in its various versions.

15. Babbages analytical Engine

16. Babbages analytical Engine Analytical Engine, a mechanical calculating machine that was conceived by British mathematician and scientist Charles Babbage in 1833 but only a part of which was ever constructed. The first general-purpose digital computer, the Analytical Engine, although conceived long before electronics technology appeared, was to have been capable of storing instructions, performing mathematical operations, and using punched cards as a form of permanent memory. .

17. Turing Machine In 1936 British mathematician Alan Turing proposed the idea of a machine that could process equations without human direction. The machine (now known as a Turing machine) resembled an automatic typewriter that used symbols for math and logic instead of letters. Turing intended the device to be used as a “universal machine” that could be programmed to duplicate the function of any other existing machine. Turing’s machine was the theoretical precursor to the modern digital computer.

18. Calculator In 1967 a team of three engineers from Texas Instruments, Inc. invented the portable, electronic, handheld calculator. Jack Kilby, widely known as the inventor of the integrated circuit (IC), or computer chip,along with Jerry Merryman and James Van Tassel, built an IC-based, battery-powered miniature calculator that could add, subtract, multiply, and divide. This basic calculator could accept 6-digit numbers and display results as large as 12 digits. The prototype of this device is now displayed in the Smithsonian Institution, based in Washington, D.C.

19. Parts of a computerText book PAGE No. 113 • Input Devices • Output Devices • Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) • Memory Unit • Control Unit

20. Parts of a computer Text book PAGE No. 113 Input Devices • Input Devices: - It is used to pass on the data and program to the computer.

21. Parts of a computerText book PAGE No. 113 CPU Input Devices • Central Processing Unit: -A unit consisting of ALU, Memory Unit and Control Unit is called CPU.

22. Parts of a computerText book PAGE No. 113 CPU Input Devices Output Devices • Output Devices: - It is used to pass on the final answer to the user.

23. Parts of a computerText book PAGE No. 113 CPU ALU Input Devices Output Devices • Arithmetic Logic Unit: - It is a part which does the calculation work apart from some other work.

24. Parts of a computerText book PAGE No. 114 CPU ALU Input Devices Control Unit Output Devices • Control Unit: -This unit controls all other units. It also give instruction to other units as and when required by a program.

25. Parts of a computerText book PAGE No. 113 CPU ALU Input Devices Control Unit Output Devices Memory Unit • Memory Unit: - The data and instruction, which we supply through input devices, are stored in a unit called “memory unit”. This data can be used whenever required.

26. Ex 10.1 page 116Q1. What are the special features of a computer?

27. Some features of computerText book PAGE No. 114 • A computer carries out the instruction most obediently and very accurately. • It works continuously for lengthy or repetitive type of work. • It works with a tremendous speed. • It has a memory with voluminous data and / or large number of instruction can be stored. • The information stored in the computer can be processed and various reports can be generated.

28. Types of Computation Text book PAGE No. 114 • Numeric Computation • Alphabetic Computation • Alpha-numeric computation Text book PAGE No. 116 Q3 ) Give an example of alpha-numeric computation. Ans ) To prepare a list of the ages of the students of your class as on today and arrange their ages in the descending order.

29. Write down various stages of computation in the following example • 27 - 13 ( 64 ÷ 2 – 19 x 13 ) -11 • 27 - 13 ( 32 – 19 x 13 ) -11 • 27 - 13 ( 32 – 247 ) -11 • 27 - 13 ( - 215 ) -11 • 27 + 2795 – 11 • 2882 – 11 • 2811

30. Q4) Write down various stages of computation in the following example • 15 – ( 18 x 5 ) + ( 60 ÷12 ) – (– 20 ) + 2 • 15 – ( 18 x 5 ) + ( 5 ) – (– 20 ) + 2 • 15 – ( 90 ) + ( 5 ) – ( – 20 ) + 2 • 15 – ( 90 ) + ( 5 ) + 20 + 2 • – 75 + 5 + 20 + 2 • – 70 + 20 + 2 • – 50 + 2 • – 48

31. Q4) Write down various stages of computation in the following example • 12 – ( +3 ) + 10 – ( 8 x 12 ) ÷ ( + 22 ) • 12 – ( +3 ) + 10 – ( 96 ) ÷ ( + 22 ) • 12 – ( +3 ) + 10 – 4.36 • 12 – 3 + 10 – 4.36 • 12 + 7 – 4.36 • 19 – 4.36 • 14.64

32. Way’s of representation Text book PAGE No. 125 Q1. What is an algorithm? • Algorithm: - The step by step procedure to solve a problem is known as an algorithm Q2. What is a flowchart? • Flowchart: - The diagrammatic representation of an algorithm is called a “Flowchart”.

33. To solve the problem with the help of computer • Analyse the problem. • Think of a solution procedure. • Write step by step instructions to get the solution. • Draw a flowchart.

34. Flowchart Terminal Box Terminal Box for “START” and “STOP”. Examples START STOP

35. Flowchart Input & Output Box “PRINT” or “INPUT” or “OUTPUT” box. Examples Input the value of A Print the value of A Read the value of A,B and C

36. Flowchart Rectangular Box Rectangular box for calculation and storage. Examples Calculate the value of I = (P *N*R) / 100 Store the value of I

37. Flowchart Yes No Decision box Decision box Examples Is a>b

38. Flowchart Flow Lines Lines with arrows to indicate the direction of flow. Examples Start Read the value of A

39. Flowchart No 1 Yes Connectors Connectors to link the flowcharts Examples Is A > 10 Print the value of A

40. START START Read the value of ‘m’ Read the value of ‘m’ Store the value of ‘m’ Print the value of ‘m’ Print the value of ‘m’ STOP STOP

41. START START 1 Read the value of ‘m’ Read the value of ‘m’ Calculate x = m + n Read the value of ‘n’ Store the value of ‘m’ Store the value of x Read the value of ‘n’ Print the value of ‘x’ Calculate x = m + n STOP Store the value of ‘n’ Print the value of ‘x’ 1 STOP

42. Text book page 125Q5) Draw a flow chart to print the area and perimeter of the rectangle. 1 START Read the value of length as ‘l ’ Calculate Perimeter as P = 2 ( l + b ) Read the value of breadth as ‘b’ Print the value of Area as A Calculate Area as A = l x b Print the value of Perimeter as P 1 STOP

43. Text book page 125Q6) Draw a flow chart to find the area of a triangle whose base is b and height is h. START Read the value of base as ‘b ’ Read the value of height as ‘h’ Print the value of Area as A Calculate Area as A = ½ x b x h STOP

44. Text book page 125Q7) Draw a flow chart to find the average of two given numbers START Read the value of ‘m’ Read the value of ‘n’ Calculate Average as ‘Av’ = (m + n) 2 Print the value of Average as ‘Av’ STOP

45. Text book page 125Q8) Ram purchased one book for Rs. 40 and sold it for Rs. 45. Draw a flow chart to print the profit made by Ram. START Read the value of C.P as C = Rs. 40 Read the value of S.P. as S = Rs. 45 Calculate Profit as ‘P’ = S - P Print the value of Profit as ‘P’ STOP

46. Text book page 125Q9) The distance between the two towns is 100 Km. Draw a flowchart in meters and centimeters. START 1 Read the value of distance as ‘D’= 100 km Calculate distance in centimeters as C = D x 1000 x 100 Calculate distance in meters as M = D x 1000 Print the value of C = 1,00,00,000 cm Print the value of M = 1,00,000 m STOP 1

47. Text book page 125Q10) A plot size 50m X 60m is purchased at the rate of Rs. 1120/- per square meter. Draw a flowchart to print the cost of the plot. 1 START Read the value of length as ‘l ’= 60m Calculate cost as C = ( l x b ) x r Read the value of breadth as ‘b’= 50m Print the value of Cost as C Read the value of Rate as ‘r’= Rs. 1120 STOP 1

48. Text book page 125Q12) The length and the breadth of a rectangle is input through keyboard. Draw a flowchart to print the area of the rectangle only if the perimeter is greater than 30. 1 START Is P>30 No Read the value of length as ‘l ’ Yes Calculate Area as A = l x b Read the value of breadth as ‘b’ Calculate Perimeter as P = 2 ( l + b ) Print the value of Area as A 1 STOP

49. START Read the value of ‘a’ Read the value of ‘b’ No Yes Print ‘The value of b is greater’ Is a > b Print ‘The value of a is greater’ STOP

50. START Read the value of ‘a’ Read the value of ‘b’ Is a = b Yes Print ‘The value of a = b’ Is a > = b Yes No No Print ‘The value of b is greater’ Print ‘The value of a is greater’ STOP