I. North v. South

1. I. North v. South • Malaria, dysentery, typhoid took 10 years off Southern lifespan - 50 years • NE settlers added 10 years to their life – 70 yr. life span; “grandparents.”

2. Family life • South - 6x as many men; lots of teen pregnancy • North – stable families, divorce only for abandonment or adultery, Scarlett Letter and the city on the hill

3. economics • South – first families/tutors, headright system – 50 acres to bring someone here, tobacco overproduction • North – more equality, farming and something else, public ed, 50% literacy and Harvard

4. review • Name top 3 diseases. • Contrast Life expectancy in North and South. • Contrast family structure in North and South. • What was the headright system? • Contrast economic and education system in North and South

5. II. Struggling servants • Land became more scarce and harder to acquire for freemen. • Gov. Berkeley took away franchise and made land promises to Natives.

6. Bacon’s rebellion • When Gov. Berkeley wouldn’t retaliate for frontier attacks, Bacon and his followers did • Bacon, a 29 year old planter, led “the rabble” in burning Jamestown and chasing Berkeley out.

7. What to do? • Bacon died ended, 20 hung; Planters feared frontiersmen, needed an easier to control labor force. • 1680s rising wages in England ==more black than white arrivals

8. review • What was getting harder for freemen? • What did Gov. Berkeley do that angered freemen? • Who led the rebellion? • What conclusion was reached?

9. III. slavery • 10 million came over 300 years; 400,000 to N. America • Triangular /transatlantic trade – Europe Africa Americas; slaves came on Middle Passage; North involved (RI)

10. New slave trade • 10,000 slaves brought 1700-1710; half Va population 1750, 2/3 SC population • More slaves==less assimilation; smaller numbers == more assimilation

11. Quality of slave life • Only imports could replace slaves on rice and indigo plantations of South Carolina. • Closer together Tobacco plantations allowed family life, natural reproduction.

12. Slave culture • Mixed African/American language, music , religion • Slave rebellions –NY; Stono Rebellion in South Carolina, 1739, attempt to march to Florida - not as serious as Bacon’s Rebellion.

13. review • How many slaves? • What’s the triangular trade and the Middle Passage? • How did the number of slaves impact culture? • How did slaves impact society? • What slave rebellions were there?

14. IV. Halfway covenant, Salem witch trials • Jeremiad – angry sermons concerning whether the next generation of Puritans was devout enough. • Number of conversions declining

15. ½ way Covenant • Halfway Covenant gave partial church membership to the young. • Weakens distinction between elect and others; eventually ended it, and women became church majority

16. Salem witch trials • 1693 Salem 19 hung 1 pressed; younger girls accused older women. • Hysteria ended when governor’s wife was accused; role of economics?

17. review • What was the concern about the next generation? • What was a jeremiad? • What was the Halfway Covenant? • What was its effect? • Who accused whom in Salem? • How did the hysteria end?

18. I. 13 colonies • There were 32 colonies; Population doubling every 25 years. • Biggest Colonies: Va, Mass, PA, NC, MD; Cities: Philly, NY, Boston, Charleston

19. Immigrant groups • Germans/Lutherans in Pennsylvania – 1/3 of pop.; kept customs • Scotch-Irish left Scotland, failed in Ireland, came to PA , squatted west then came South.

20. diversity • 20% African-American; mostly English in NE, over half non-English in middle colonies • Crevocoeur: “What then is the American, this new man?” – Fr. Huguenots, Welsh, Dutch, Swedes, Jews, Irish, Swiss, Scots Highlanders

21. review • How many colonies? • Biggest colony? • Biggest city? • What were top 3 foreign groups? • What other groups? • Where was the most and least diversity?