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The Renaissance, a period spanning from 1300 to 1600, marked a profound rebirth of classical learning and culture in Europe. Beginning in Italy, this era saw a surge of creativity in art, literature, and philosophy. Italian Renaissance artists like Donatello, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo produced iconic works that epitomized the era's artistic achievements. Northern European artists, such as Rembrandt, also left a lasting impact. The Renaissance was characterized by a focus on humanism, secularism, and the advancement of human intellect. Notable writers like Dante and Machiavelli, as well as philosophers like Erasmus and More, contributed to this intellectual awakening. Scientific contributions flourished during the Renaissance, with advancements in anatomy, the invention of the printing press, and a renewed interest in scientific exploration setting the stage for the Scientific Revolution.
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Renaissance • Rebirth of classical learning and culture • An explosion of creativity in art, writing, and philosophy that lasted approximately from 1300 – 1600 • Began in Italy and gradually spread to the rest of Europe • Italy had three advantages as the birthplace of the Renaissance: Thriving cities Wealthy merchant class Classical heritage of Greece and Rome
Italian Renaissance Artists • Donatello, sculpture, David • Leonardo de Vinci, painter, sculpture, scientist, Mona Lisa, Last Supper
Italian Renaissance Artists, cont. • Raphael, painter, promoter of realism in works • Michelangelo, painter, sculptor, architect, poet, Sistine Chapel, Statue of David
Northern European Artists • Rembrandt, Dutch
Literature • Focused on humanism, about the potential of human achievement • Dante’s Divine Comedy, describing the Inferno or hell is part of it • Spirit of Renaissance was secular – worldly rather than spiritual • Writers wrote in the vernacular or native languages • Some women writers during the Renaissance • Machiavelli’s The Prince is a politicians guide book on how to rule • Later in England William Shakespeare, the most famous writer of this era in England
Philosophy • Humanistic movement focusing on the potential of human intellect and achievement • Greater emphasis on secularism, worldly rather than spiritual • Italian humanists were interested in reviving interest in classical studies • Northern European humanists sought reform in society and promoted education • Desiderius Erasmus of Holland and Thomas More of England were some of the better known philosophers
Scientific Contributions of the Renaissance • Anatomy of humans was of great interest to the artist • Renewed interest in all aspects of science • Invention of Johann Guttenberg’s printing press revolutionizes the availability of written works • Renewed interest in arts and science led the way to the Scientific Revolution • New discoveries were published leading to more investigation and discovery
