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SPANISH AND BRASILIAN WORKSHOP ON RENEWABLE ENERGY R+D ON BIOENERGY IN SPAIN M. Ballesteros Head of Biofuels Unit CIE

SPANISH AND BRASILIAN WORKSHOP ON RENEWABLE ENERGY R+D ON BIOENERGY IN SPAIN M. Ballesteros Head of Biofuels Unit CIEMAT Rio de Janeiro 30 SEPTEMBER – 1 OCTOBER 2013. BIOMASS CONSUMPTION (2007). 10% OF WORLD PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION (45 EJ).

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SPANISH AND BRASILIAN WORKSHOP ON RENEWABLE ENERGY R+D ON BIOENERGY IN SPAIN M. Ballesteros Head of Biofuels Unit CIE

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  1. SPANISH AND BRASILIAN WORKSHOP ON RENEWABLE ENERGY R+D ON BIOENERGY IN SPAIN M. Ballesteros Head of BiofuelsUnit CIEMAT Rio de Janeiro 30 SEPTEMBER – 1 OCTOBER 2013

  2. BIOMASS CONSUMPTION (2007) 10% OF WORLD PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION (45 EJ) • 80% traditional solid biomass for heating and cooking • 20% commercial biomass : 80% heat, 1% power, 2% liquid biofuels Fuente: Best et al. 2008

  3. Traditional Biomass over-exploitation of natural resources, low economic valorization of biomass, low efficienct technologies Modern biomass commercial efficient technologies environmentally sustainable production and use BIOENERGY SYSTEMS

  4. BIOMASS AS ENERGY RESOURCE • Abundant energy resource • It can be stored • It can be transformed into energy by different technologies (mechanical, thermochemical, biological) • It provides solid, liquid and gaseous biofuels to use for heating, power and transport purposes • It can not be found free. • It requires a long chain of activities: planting, growing, harvesting and pretreatment (storage and drying) before it can be transformed into an energy carrier. • Biofuels have an associated cost that has to be considered.

  5. Technological development to support the use of biomass… • … not only depends on more efficient conversion technologies (combustion, co-firing, gasification, second generation liquid biofuels) • but • A broad range of research topics should be considered such as biomass availability and logistics.

  6. Spainisvery active in R+DonBioenergy • More than 100 OrganizationsworkingonBioenergy • - Excellent research teams in universities and specialized centers • - Strong National Research Institutes: CIEMAT, CENER,,CSIC, INIA… • High participation in the European Research Framework Programmes • High Spanish participation in the European Research Alliance in Bioenergy • Members: CIEMAT and CENER • Associated to CIEMAT: Unizar, IREC, Imdea-Energy and Tecnalia • Dynamic industry with technological leadership • Abengoa Bioenergy, REPSOL, Acciona, …

  7. 1 Feedstock research 3 Second generation Biofuels 2 Solids Biofuels R&D Programme of Biomass Unit Objective: To develop knowledge, technologies and applications to produce solid and liquid biofuels for heating, power and transport purposes. R&D activities

  8. Soria Center Feedstockresearch and solidbiofuelsproduction Liquid Biofuels Research Madrid Center

  9. 1 Feedstock research R&D Programme of Biomass Unit Objective: To develop knowledge, technologies and applications to produce solid and liquid biofuels for heating, power and transport purposes. R&D activities Evaluation of avalilableresources Energy crops Logistics: collecting, transporting

  10. FEEDSTOCK RESEARCH Objective: To improvethecostcompetitiveness of biomasssuppliestoenergysystems • Evaluation of available biomass resources taking into account the geographical specificity of biomass supply and consumption. The aim is to assess the level of supplies compatible with sustainable production • Development, production and management of energy crops, taking into account issues related to planting, used of chemicals for fertilizing, irrigation, weed control or soil quality • Studies on biomass harvesting, storage and transportation technologies to reduce the cost of biomass delivery to energy plant.

  11. Leñosos Herbáceos Chopos Cardo Cereales para bioetanol Brassica carinata Triticale y otras gramíneas anuales Agropiros Olmo de Siberia Robinia Panicum virgatum Caña común Paulownia Sorgo híbrido

  12. CultivosOleaginosospara Biodiesel Sinapis alba Colza (Brassica napus) Jatropha curcas Camelina sp. Crambe

  13. 1 Feedstock research R&D Programme of Biomass Unit Objective: To develop knowledge, technologies and applications to produce solid and liquid biofuels for heating, power and transport purposes. R&D activities 2 Solid biofuels for heating and power Characterization Available resources • High quality solid biofuels from energy crops • Drying • Milling • Compaction Energycrops Logistics • Combustion of biomass with high ash content Sinterization • Emissions

  14. CHARACTERIZATION Objective: To know biomass chemical and physical characteristics in order to choose the best energetic conversion process • BIOMASS CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY (BCL) is a scientific reference laboratory for energy and physico-chemical characterization of biomass and solid biofuels. It is equipped with facilities to perform the following analysis: Proximate analysis (moisture, ash and volatile compounds content) Ultimate analysis (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and clorum) Inorganic compounds content Higher Heat Value and Lower Heat values Thermogavimetric analysis Particle size distribution Pile density Pellet durability BCL belongs to the Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 which isworkingonthestandardisation of solidbiofuelsderivedfrompurebiomass.

  15. High-qualitysolidbiofuelsfromhighashcontentbiomass Hammermillwith particle size classification (200-700 kg/h) Rotary air dryer (200-400 kg/h) Pelletingplant (300-500 kg/h)

  16. Gases Cenizas ASH-RELATED PROBLEMS IN COMBUSTION OF BIOMASS Objective: To study the release of ash forming compounds from biomass fuels in both fixed and fluidised bed combustion systems to determine data concerning the melting behaviour and emissions. • 1-Metil naftaleno • 2-Metil naftaleno • Dimetilnaftaleno • Acenaftileno • Acenafteno • Fluoreno • Fenantreno • Antraceno • Fluoranteno • Pireno • Benzo(a)antraceno** • Criseno • Benzo(b)fluoranteno* • Benzo(k)fluoranteno • Benzo(a)pireno** • Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene* • Dibenzo(ah)antraceno • Naftaleno • Benzo(ghi)perileno Slagging on the grate of a combustion system PolinuclearAromaric Hydrocarbons formed in biomass combustion

  17. 500 kW Boiler 17 kW Boiler 100 kW Boiler

  18. 1 Feedstock research 3 Liquid Biofuels R&D Programme of Biomass Unit Objective: To develop knowledge, technologies and applications to produce solid and liquid biofuels for heating, power and transport purposes. R&D activities 2 Solid biofuels for heating and power Characterization Pretreatment Avalilable resources • Ash-related problems • In biomass combustion • Sinterization • Emissions • Pretreatment • Drying • Milling • Compaction Enzymatic hydrolysis Energy crops Fermentation Logistics

  19. LIQUID BIOFUELS UNIT OBJECTIVE To develop processes and technologies for converting lignocellulosic materials into ethanol and other high value products in an efficient and cost-effective manner to facilitate the adoption of these processes by industry

  20. PROCESS CHART Cellulosicbiomass • Cellulose (glucose) • Hemicellulose(C5 & C6 sugars) • Lignin Pretreatment Biological steps: Celullase production, Hydrolysis, fermentation Fuel: Ethanol Ethanol recovery Powergeneration Residueprocessing Solid Liquid Processeffluents

  21. PROCESS CHART Cellulosicbiomass • Cellulose (glucose) • Hemicellulose(C5 & C6 sugars) • Lignin Pretreatment Biological steps: Celullase production, Hydrolysis, fermentation Fuel: Ethanol Ethanol recovery Powergeneration Residueprocessing Solid Liquid Processeffluents

  22. TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES FOR BIOCHEMICAL ROUTE • FEEDSTOCK PRETREATMENT • To reduce the cost of the pretreatmentwhile maintaining efficiency • To limit the consumption of chemicals, energy and water and the production of wastes • To minimize sugar degradation and inhibitors formation (moderate conditions)

  23. Biomassdeconstructiontechnologies

  24. 2 L laboratoryprototypefor LHW pretreatment Steam explosion pretreatment plants of 2 and 10 litres

  25. EXTRUSION PRETREATMENT Twin-screwextruder (10 kg/h capacity) Different screws in twin-screw extruder CS- Conveying screw MS- Mixing screw RS- Reverse screw CS MS RS

  26. TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES FOR BIOCHEMICAL ROUTE 2. NEW AND/OR IMPROVED ENZYMES • Toreduce thecosts of enzymeproductionbyimprovingcellulaseproduction and enzymaticcocktailefficiency • Tofindthewayforreducingenzymeloadingwithoutloss of performance • Todevelopenzymeswithimprovedthermo-stability and lesssusceptibilitytosugarsinhibition 3. FERMENTATION • Developyeaststrainsresistanttotoxiccompounds, highsolidsconcentration and risingethanolconcentration

  27. JointUnit of BiotechnologicalProcessesforEnergyProduction • To incorporate molecular biology tools to improve the efficiency and economics of biochemical conversion processes of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels: enzyme and fermenting microorganisms development • To produce biofuels from microalgae. Advanced conversion path based on biological and chemical process

  28. Joint Biotechnological Processes Unit Research Activities • Isolation and characterization of new microorganisms and their enzymatic complex to transform lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels. • Production of biofuels and other added- value products from microalgae • Genetic manipulation (modification or introduction of new steps) of metabolic routes in hydrolytic and/or fermentative microorganisms and microalgae to increase production of target metabolites

  29. TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES FOR BIOCHEMICAL ROUTE 4. PROCESS INTEGRATION SSCF CBP SHF SSF Cellulases Cellulose hydrolysis Hexoses Fermentation Pentose Fermentation Level of integration SHF: Separate Hydrolysis and fermentation; SSF: Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, SSFC: Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentationCBP: Consolidated bioprocessing

  30. Raw Material Sugars SugarPlatform Biochemicalprocesses Waste Lignin BioFuels BioProducts BioPolymers BioMaterials BIOMASS Cogeneration (CHP) Energy and heat Synthesis gas platform Thermochemical processes Gasification Synthesis gas preparation • Second Generation Biofuel Center (CB2G); collaboration CENER-CIEMAT • The Second generation Biofuel Centre is a Process Development Units (PDUs) to produce 2nd generation biofuels on a pilot scale level as an intermediate step towards the industrial scale-up of these technologies and as a biorefinery test platform..

  31. Pretreatment Unit: Capacity: 500 KgBiomass/h • In operation from 2008 Chipper & Chopper Pelletizing unit MillingUnits Torrefaction reactor Drying Unit

  32. Thermochemical Unit: Capacity: 2 MWt-500 KgBiomass/h • In operation from 2012 ABFB Gasifier & Thermal Oxidizer and Flue gases treatment

  33. Biochemical Process Unit: Capacity: Up to 1,500 kg biomass / week • In operation from 2013 • The unit offers: • Biomass feedstock flexibility. • Flexible scaling-up: pilot- semi industrial. • High solid content processes development. • Different conditions and process configurations. • Different target products: biofuels and bio-products • Main equipment includes: • Vacuum Belt Filter • Detoxification and Dilution Tanks • Enzymatic Hydrolysis • (2 x 3 m3) • Bioreactors • (1, 3 and 6 m3)

  34. Biochemical Process Unit: Pilot Plant • In operation from 2013 Enzymatic Hydrolysis Fermentation Pretreatment Continuous horizontal reactor: 5Kg/h up to 14.5bar & 200ºC Stirred tank reactor to develop high consistency EH Bioreactor fully monitored.

  35. PROJECTS COLLABORATION 7FP BRASIL-UBL (CIEMAT) Biofuels Assessment on Technical Opportunities and Research Needs for Latin America Specific International Cooperation Actions; Integration of Biology and Engineering into an Economical and Energy-Efficient 2G Bioethanol Biorefinery EU-Brazil Collaborative project PROETHANOL2G

  36. To identify technical opportunities and research needs for Latin America in order to maximize synergies in the biofuels sectors of Latin America and Europe. • BioTopPartners • WIP – Renewable Energies, Alemania (WIP) • TechnicalUniversity of Denmark(DTU) • University of Graz, Austria (UNI GRAZ) • BTG BiomassTechnology Group, Holanda (BTG) • Argentine Renewable Energies Chamber (ABC) • UniversidadCatolica de Valparaiso, Chile (UCV) • UniversidadNacionalAutonoma de Mexico (UNAM) • FundaciónBariloche, Argentina (FB) • FUSP/CENBIO, Brasil • CIEMAT, España

  37. Proethanol 2G: EU-Brazil Collaborative project EU: FP7-ENERGY-2009-BRAZIL (Contract No 251151)/ BRAZIL: Edital nº 006/2009 - CNPq/MCT PROETHANOL2G focus on: The effective integration and development of advanced technologies through the combined use of Biology and Engineering for the production of second generation (2G) bioethanol, from the most representatives European (wheat straw) and Brazilian (sugarcane bagasse and straw) feedstocks.

  38. COLLABORATION willcontinue in Horizon 2020 Workprogrammefor 2015 Partnering with Brazil on advanced biofuels In the framework of the EU-Brazil S&T Cooperation Agreement, the European Commission and the Brasilean Ministry of Science and Technology are working together to benefit from the complementarities in research and innovation, in order to foster the development of advanced biofuels and accelerate their commercialisation both in Brazil and in Europe.

  39. ¡¡¡OBRIGADA PELA ATENÇÃO¡¡¡ ¡¡¡GRACIAS POR LA ATENCION¡¡¡ m.ballesteros@ciemat.es

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