Risks Associated with Garbage Feeding Foot and Mouth Disease An Emerging Threat

1. Risks Associated with Garbage FeedingFoot and Mouth Disease“An Emerging Threat” Common Names Used in Several Countries for Food Waste Feeding to Swine: Swill, “Escamocha, Lavaza, Descarte, Friegue, Filtradas, Sobras” Common Names Used in Several Countries for Food Waste Feeding to Swine: Swill, “Escamocha, Lavaza, Descarte, Friegue, Filtradas, Sobras”

2. CDFA/USDA Role Promote animal disease awareness Control and track animal diseases Train emergency disease response teams

3. Spreads foreign animal diseases (FAD) and pathogens of public concern Was common in the U.S (1930) Metropolitan and rural areas Declined in recent years Federal, state and local laws regulating animal health, transportation, and feed usage of food waste Backyard swine owners May be unaware of introducing devastating foreign animal diseases (FAD’s) Feeding Improperly Cooked Food Waste to Swine Although recycling food wastes into feed for swine has well-known economic and environmental benefits, feeding raw waste to swine can also spread foreign animal diseases and pathogens of public concern.   Feeding Improperly Cooked Animal Food Waste to Swine Can Spread Foreign Animal Diseases and Pathogens of Public Concern   Some backyard swine owners might not be aware that feeding improperly cooked feed wastes to swine, poses a risk of introducing devastating foreign animal diseases. Although recycling food wastes into feed for swine has well-known economic and environmental benefits, feeding raw waste to swine can also spread foreign animal diseases and pathogens of public concern.   Feeding Improperly Cooked Animal Food Waste to Swine Can Spread Foreign Animal Diseases and Pathogens of Public Concern   Some backyard swine owners might not be aware that feeding improperly cooked feed wastes to swine, poses a risk of introducing devastating foreign animal diseases.

5. Foods brought from foreign countries into the US

6. Any edible material or by-product generated in: Production, processing, transportation, distribution, or consumption of food All food wastes include: Restaurant plate waste, kitchen or table scraps, garbage or swill, and all residuals after serving What is Food Waste? What is Food Waste?   Food waste refers to plate waste, kitchen or table scraps, garbage or swill, and all food residuals discarded after serving. It can be defined as any edible material or by-product that is generated in the production, processing, transportation, distribution, or consumption of food. What is Food Waste?   Food waste refers to plate waste, kitchen or table scraps, garbage or swill, and all food residuals discarded after serving. It can be defined as any edible material or by-product that is generated in the production, processing, transportation, distribution, or consumption of food.

7. Contaminated meat in food waste can cause diseases May spread to humans and other livestock Illegally imported animal products may carry diseases Meats Sausages Non-pasteurized milk products Diseases Risk Disease Risk   Contaminated meat that is present in untreated food waste can cause diseases that may be spread to other livestock or to humans. Illegally imported animal products, such as meats and sausages, could cause outbreaks of foreign animal diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease, classical swine fever, African swine fever, swine vesicular disease, pseudo rabies or Aujeszky’s disease, brucellosis, tuberculosis and transmissible gastroenteritis if fed to swine without being properly cooked. Other public health agents of concern that could be present in food waste from any source are Salmonella, Campylobacter, Trichinella, and Toxoplasma.  Disease Risk   Contaminated meat that is present in untreated food waste can cause diseases that may be spread to other livestock or to humans. Illegally imported animal products, such as meats and sausages, could cause outbreaks of foreign animal diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease, classical swine fever, African swine fever, swine vesicular disease, pseudo rabies or Aujeszky’s disease, brucellosis, tuberculosis and transmissible gastroenteritis if fed to swine without being properly cooked. Other public health agents of concern that could be present in food waste from any source are Salmonella, Campylobacter, Trichinella, and Toxoplasma.  

8. Livestock Foot and Mouth Disease Classical Swine Fever Avian Influenza African Swine Fever Swine Vesicular Disease Brucellosis Pseudorabies Tuberculosis Public Health Agents of Concern Salmonella, Campylobacter,Trichinella Brucellosis, Tuberculosis, Avian Influenza Disease Risk

9. Food Waste Plate waste, kitchen or table scraps, garbage or swill, and all residuals after serving Risks in Feeding Improperly Cooked Food Wastes to Swine

10. Carcasses from feral, wild mammals Risks in Feeding Improperly Cooked Food Wastes to Swine Do not feed uncooked waste products, table scraps or animals carcasses to swine. This is particularly important in the case of carcasses from hunted or trapped mammals such as feral swine or deer. Do not feed uncooked waste products, table scraps or animals carcasses to swine. This is particularly important in the case of carcasses from hunted or trapped mammals such as feral swine or deer.

12. Spreads easily through Air Ingestion- raw food waste Contaminated objects Direct contact FAD- Awareness Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)

13. A Devastating Foreign Animal Disease …Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) UK - 2001 Millions of animals died or were destroyed $20 billion economic loss Risks in Feeding Improperly Cooked Food Wastes to Swine FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE The 2001 outbreak (FMD) in England has heightened the concerns about feeding food waste to swine. FMD can have a detrimental impact on a country’s economy. This outbreak in the UK originated in a swine farm that utilized food waste feeding. Untreated contraband meat had been fed to the animals that started the outbreak and the British were forced to slaughter 6.4 million animals to stop the disease. Farmers couldn’t leave their properties for 1 week and students were not allowed to attend school in order to help to stop the spread of the disease. 20 billon economic loss. All of this happened when swine ate contaminated waste food. FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE The 2001 outbreak (FMD) in England has heightened the concerns about feeding food waste to swine. FMD can have a detrimental impact on a country’s economy. This outbreak in the UK originated in a swine farm that utilized food waste feeding. Untreated contraband meat had been fed to the animals that started the outbreak and the British were forced to slaughter 6.4 million animals to stop the disease. Farmers couldn’t leave their properties for 1 week and students were not allowed to attend school in order to help to stop the spread of the disease. 20 billon economic loss. All of this happened when swine ate contaminated waste food.

14. Not present in US since 1929 Present in other countries Rarely infect humans Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)

15. Reluctance to eat and move Fever Blisters on the snout FMD Recognition

16. FMD Recognition

17. Pay close attention to the animals Report any signs of disease FMD Recognition

18. Prevent the Entry of Diseases Be Aware Look for Signs of Animal Diseases Recognize Report How Can You Help?

20. Mandated by the 1980 Swine Health Protection Act Food waste must be heated when fed to swine Heated throughout at boiling (212o F or 100o C) for 2 (two) hours and be agitated during cooking to ensure that the prescribed cooking temperature is maintained throughout the cooking container for the prescribed length of time (CA regulation) Reduces the risk of FADs Eliminates other pathogens Non-animal food waste does not require cooking By-product items (Bakery and vegetable waste) does not required cooking unless it had contact with raw or improperly cooked meat products Cooking Food Waste Raw Meat Present in Food Waste Must Be Cooked!   Food waste or garbage fed to swine must be heat treated, as mandated by the 1980 Swine Health Protection Act, to reduce the risk of foreign animal diseases and to eliminate any other pathogens. All table or plate scraps resulting form handling, preparation, cooking, or consumption of food require cooking before feeding to swine. The swine health act does not require cooking of non-meat food waste or byproduct items (e.g. Bakery waste, vegetable waste, etc,).   Food waste containing raw meat is required to be heated throughout at boiling (212o F or 100o C) for 30 (thirty) minutes; and be agitated during cooking to ensure that the prescribed cooking temperature is maintained throughout the cooking container for the prescribed length of time. Cooking Food Waste Raw Meat Present in Food Waste Must Be Cooked!   Food waste or garbage fed to swine must be heat treated, as mandated by the 1980 Swine Health Protection Act, to reduce the risk of foreign animal diseases and to eliminate any other pathogens. All table or plate scraps resulting form handling, preparation, cooking, or consumption of food require cooking before feeding to swine. The swine health act does not require cooking of non-meat food waste or byproduct items (e.g. Bakery waste, vegetable waste, etc,).   Food waste containing raw meat is required to be heated throughout at boiling (212o F or 100o C) for 30 (thirty) minutes; and be agitated during cooking to ensure that the prescribed cooking temperature is maintained throughout the cooking container for the prescribed length of time.

21. Entry of FADs into CA could occur! Do not bring animal products into the country meats, sausages, chorizo, non-pasteurized milk products If in doubt, declare items to quarantine officers at the point of entry FAD PreventionInternational Travel International Travel   Don’t Bring Meat Products to the US. From Other Countries   Entry of foreign animal diseases into California could occur through the import of prohibited animal products. Meats, sausages, chorizos and non- pasteurized milk products from other countries Livestock Owners   Although some people may think that food waste is a cheap source of food, it can put the livestock industry and the whole economy at risk. Livestock owners must not feed raw food waste to swine. This includes food scraps from the household and from food businesses. International Travel   Don’t Bring Meat Products to the US. From Other Countries   Entry of foreign animal diseases into California could occur through the import of prohibited animal products. Meats, sausages, chorizos and non- pasteurized milk products from other countries Livestock Owners   Although some people may think that food waste is a cheap source of food, it can put the livestock industry and the whole economy at risk. Livestock owners must not feed raw food waste to swine. This includes food scraps from the household and from food businesses.

22. Do not feed raw or improperly cooked restaurant waste products, table scraps Do not feed carcasses (feral swine, deer) Fence properly to prevent contact between wild pigs and domestic pigs Biosecurity: thorough cleaning and disinfection FAD PreventionImportant Points to Remember What Can Swine Be Fed?   Swine can be fed commercially prepared swine rations, grain, fruit and vegetable from markets. Bread that contains any meat material (bacon or ham) or milk by-products that originate from unlicensed milk processing plants should not be fed to swine. Do not feed vegetable, fruit or bread scraps that have been in contact with animal products or by-products. Preventing Diseases   ·         When traveling, do not bring back animal products, such as meats, sausages, chorizo and non-pasteurized milk products. ·         Do not feed uncooked waste products, table scraps or animals carcasses to swine. ·         Do not feed animals carcasses from hunted or trapped mammals such as feral swine or deer. ·         Prevent contact of animals that have been off your premises with others animals on your premises. ·         Fence properly to prevent wild pigs from coming in contact with domestic pigs. ·         Practice thorough cleaning, disinfection and drying of any equipment, clothing, trailers or other items that have been exposed to animals from different sources. ·         Implement and maintain an effective rodent control program. Biosecurity and good hygiene, maintaining perimeters, baiting and trapping are all part of rodent control. What Can Swine Be Fed?   Swine can be fed commercially prepared swine rations, grain, fruit and vegetable from markets. Bread that contains any meat material (bacon or ham) or milk by-products that originate from unlicensed milk processing plants should not be fed to swine. Do not feed vegetable, fruit or bread scraps that have been in contact with animal products or by-products.

23. How Can You Help? Prevent the Entry of Diseases Be Aware Look for Signs of Animal Diseases Recognize Report Keeping foreign animal diseases out of California is everyone's responsibility! How would you feel if you were responsible for introducing a disease like foot and mouth disease into California? Keep foreign animal diseases out of California. Do not feed raw food waste. Keeping foreign animal diseases out of California is everyone's responsibility! How would you feel if you were responsible for introducing a disease like foot and mouth disease into California? Keep foreign animal diseases out of California. Do not feed raw food waste.