The Cold War

1. A Look Back The Cold War Created by: Ruben Garcia

2. The Cold War 1945-1991 U.S. S.U.

3. The Cold War was a 46 year state of political conflict, military tension, and economic competition after World War II. • The primary players were the Soviet Union, and the United States. • Although the U.S. and Russia never officially fought, they used 3rd party wars, espionage, propaganda, a nuclear arms race, economic and technological competitions to wage the COLD WAR.

4. The Cold War • The Atomic Age • The Korean War • Space Race • The Cuban Missile Crisis • The Vietnam Conflict • Fall of Communism

5. Causes of the Cold War

6. Longest Staring contest in the world, 46 years! Mistrust • After WWII the U.S. and the Soviet Union emerge as rivals. • Both begin building up their military in an attempt to stare each other down.

7. The Berlin Wall • 1961- 1989 • Cost over $4 million to build. • Built to keep the West out of Soviet controlled Berlin.

9. Spy vs. Spy • Both sides began using spies in an attempt to gain the upper hand and monitor their enemy. • If caught, spies are imprisoned or executed.

10. The Korean War (1950-53) • The Korean War was a military conflict between Communist North and the Republic of South Korea. • Both the North and the South remained heavily dependent on their sponsor states from 1948 to the outbreak of the Korean War. Democratic People's Republic of Korea 38th Parallel Republic of Korea

11. Timeout • The conflict claimed over three million lives and divided the Korean Peninsula. • In the ceasefire of July 27, 1953, the DMZ was created as each side agreed. • The Military Demarcation Line (MDL) goes down the center of the DMZ and indicates exactly where the front was when the agreement was signed, at the 38th parallel. • Since the cease fire agreement was never followed by a peace treaty, the two Koreas are still technically at war.

12. Arms Race • Both Nations begin building up their supply of atomic, hydrogen and nuclear weapons. • They create short, middle, and long range missiles to carry bombs hundreds of times more powerful than those dropped on Japan.

13. M A D utually ssured estruction • In their race to scare each other, both countries create enough nuclear weapons to destroy the world many times over. • They also insured that any attack, would result in the launching of thousands of warhead, destroying the attacker. • Both sides created a system of land, air and sea vehicles capable of launching nuclear weapons.

15. DNC • There are an estimated 27,000 nuclear weapon around the world. • Current nuclear weapons are much more powerful than those dropped on Japan. • Just 50 could kill 200 million people – or the combined populations of Britain, Canada, Australia, and Germany. What they cost In the 21st century around $40 billion a year, or 10 per cent of the annual US military budget, is spent on nuclear weapons. This is roughly the same cost as universal access to basic education, healthcare, adequate food, clean water and safe sewers for the world’s population. The top secret Manhattan Project, through which the US developed the first nuclear weapons in 1945, cost $20 billion – about 7 per cent of the cost of the entire war.The US spent $5.8 trillion on nuclear weapons between the early 1940s and 1996.

16. ICBMs death from above

17. "I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones" -Albert Einstein

18. 1 megaton of TNT, when converted to kilowatt-hours, produces enough energy to power the average American household (2007) for 103,474 years. • The 30 Mt estimated upper limit blast power of the Tunguska event could power the aforementioned home for just over 3,104,226 years. To put that in perspective: the blast energy could power the entire United States for 3.27 days Hiroshima, 22 kiloton.

19. New York City?

21. Who is in control? • Can we control nuclear weapons? • Can we control who has them? • Who can use them?

22. Cuban Missile Crisis • The Cuban Missile Crisis was a 13 day confrontation between the Soviet Union, Cuba and the United States in October 1962. • In September 1962, the Cuban and Soviet governments began installing nuclear missiles with the ability to strike most of the United States. • This event will be the closest the world has come to Nuclear War

23. U.S. Missiles • U.S. places Jupiter missiles in Turkey and Italy, April 1962. • Places the Soviets in a vice.

24. Jupiter IRBM • 1,500 mile range • 1.5 megaton thermonuclear warhead.

25. Soviet Missiles • September 1962, The Soviets place “defensive” missiles in Cuba. • Places the U.S. in a vice.

27. Cuban Missile Crisis Plan • The U.S. had no plan in place because U.S. intelligence had been convinced that the Soviets would never install nuclear missiles in Cuba. The EXCOMM quickly discussed five possible courses of action: • Do nothing. • Use diplomatic pressure to get the Soviet Union to remove the missiles. • An air attack on the missiles. • A full military invasion. • Naval blockade of Cuba.

29. Crisis Resolved • Kennedy secretly agreed to remove all missiles set in southern Italy and in Turkey, in exchange for Khrushchev removing all missiles in Cuba. The Cuban Missile Crisis created the Moscow-Washington hot line, a direct communications link between Moscow and Washington, D.C.

30. It could have been much different. A day fishing could turn into this.

31. Possible targets in Texas

32. Game Over

33. Let me think

34. The Vietnam War • The Vietnam Warwas a Cold War military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from November 1, 1955, to April 30, 1975. • It was fought between the communist North Vietnam and communist allies against the government of South Vietnam, supported by the United States and other anti-communist nations.

35. China • The United States entered the war to prevent a communist takeover of South Vietnam. To the U.S.

37. Cost of War • The war resulted in the deaths of 3 to 4 million Vietnamese from both sides, 1.5 to 2 million Laotians and Cambodians, and 58,159 U.S. soldiers. • Between 1965 and 1975, the United States spent $111 billion on the war. • The war demonstrated that no power, not even a superpower, has unlimited strength and resources.

38. Evacuate • On April 23rd, President Gerald Ford declared an end to the Vietnam War. • In the early morning hours of April 30th, the last U.S. Marines evacuated the embassy by helicopter. • North Vietnamese victory eventual led to a communist takeover of South Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos.

40. The 26th amendment to the United States Constitution set the voting age to 18. • It was adopted in response to student activism against the Vietnam War. • It was adopted on July 1, 1971.

42. Collapse of the Soviet Union • The weakening of the Soviet government led to a series of events that eventually caused the dissolution of the Soviet Union, a gradual process that took place from January 1990 to December 1991.

43. Fall of Communism • The Soviet Union was dissolved by the end of 1991, resulting in Russia and 14 new nations that declared their independence from the Soviet Union.

44. unfortunate problems • The poverty and desperation of the Russians, have led to the sale of many advanced Cold War-developed weapons. • Tanks, jet fighters, surface-to-air missiles, and others have been placed on the black market in order to obtain some much-needed cash. • This is a problem for western powers, as they find hostile countries equipped with weapons which were designed by the Soviets to defeat them.

45. It's only a matter of time.

46. Have a nice Day