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Authored by John W. Desmarais 18-May-1998 Last Update 09-Jul-2008 Modified by Lt Colonel Fred Blundell TX-129tFort Worth Senior Squadron For Local Training Rev 5.0 02-Jan-2014.
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Authored by John W. Desmarais 18-May-1998 Last Update 09-Jul-2008 Modified by Lt Colonel Fred Blundell TX-129tFort Worth Senior Squadron For Local Training Rev 5.0 02-Jan-2014
This Training Slide Show is a project undertaken by Lt Colonel Fred Blundell of the TX-129 Fort Worth Senior Squadron, Fort Worth, TX for local use to assist those CAP Members interested in advancing their skills. The information contained herein is for CAP Member’s personal use and is not intended to replace or be a substitute for any of the CAP National Training Programs. Users should review the presentation’s Revision Number at the end of each file name to ensure that they have the most current publication.
Survival Needs • Food • Water • Shelter • Positive Mental Attitude
Food • Most healthy people can go without for a week to 10 days, depending on the conditions • Ground Team Members should be carrying at least a few meals when they go out, and normally don’t use them
Water Can go without for only a few days at most, depending again on the conditions Personnel require greater amounts of water in warmer climates Personnel actually working will require more water than those sitting idle
Water Purification • If stuck in the field for a longer period, team members may need to gather and purify water if they don’t have enough • Several methods are available to purify water in the field • Boiling (ten minutes) • Improvised or Commercial Filters • Chemicals (iodine based tablets normally)
Filtration (Filter made from trouser leg) Hanging Filtration Filtration Tri-pod Commercial Filter
Shelter • The type of shelter required depends on current conditions and clothing being worn by survivor • Needs to meet the user’s needs for the duration expected • Can use materials readily available in the wilderness or equipment packed into the field • Refer to discussions in Campsite Selection lecture for additional information
Poncho Shelters • It takes only a short time and minimal equipment to make a shelter from a poncho • You need a poncho, 2 to 3 meters of rope or parachute suspension line, three stakes about 30 centimeters long, and two trees or two poles 2 to 3 meters apart • Before selecting the trees you will use or the location of your poles, check the wind direction. Ensure that the back of your lean-to will be into the wind
Poncho Shelters(Continued) • When using a poncho for a shelter, tie off the hood first. • Pull the drawstring tight, roll the hood longways, fold it into thirds, and tie it off with the drawstring. • If you plan to use the lean-to for more than one night, or you expect rain, make a center support. • For additional protection from wind and rain, place some brush, your rucksack, or other equipment at the sides of the lean-to.
Poncho Shelters(Continued) • Use a drip stick (about a 10-centimeter stick) to each rope about 2.5 centimeters from the grommet. These drip sticks will keep rain-water from running down the ropes into the lean-to. Tying strings (about 10 centimeters long) to each grommet along the poncho’s top edge will allow the water to run to and down the line without drip- ping into the shelter.
Positive Mental Attitude • In any survival situation you have to want to live to do so. There are many cases of people that “shouldn’t have survived” living, and the field expert expiring in the field attributed to their individual “will to live” • NeverGive Up!
Fire Building • Fire is not a necessity to live but can calm or sooth survivors, and makes things much more livable • Boil Water • Cook Food • Keeps the mind occupied • If you build it, you put it out
Fire Building(Continued) • 7 Steps • Decide that fire is necessary • Choose a good fire location and prepare it • Collect wood for the fire • Arrange the firewood for burning • Ignite the tinder • Add fuel as necessary • Extinguish the fire
Alternate FirstStarting Methods Magnifying glass, some eye glasses, lenses from binoculars or other such sources may be used an an alternative method to fire starting.
Extinguishing a Fire • Fire burns in two basic modes • Flaming and surface combustion (represented by the fire triangle) • Flaming combustion (represented by the fire tetrahedron/pyramid) • Break the triangle or pyramid to put it out - Remove the fuel - Reduce the heat - Remove the oxygen - Interfere with the chemical reaction
Fuel Chemical Reaction Heat Oxygen Heat Oxygen Fuel Fire Trianglevs.Fire Pyramid Fire Triangle Fire Pyramid
Using aFire Extinguisher • Use the right type • Class A: Common combustibles • Class B: Flammable liquids and gases • Class C: Electrical fires • Class D: Flammable metals
Using aFire Extinguisher(Continued) • Follow the acronym PASS • Pull • Aim • Squeeze • Sweep
ExtinguishingOutdoor Fires(Campfires) • Keep personnel and equipment upwind and ready to move • Use water if available • Don’t throw away drinking water if not easily replenished • Splash, spray, or sprinkle water on the fire • Don’t pour all at once
ExtinguishingOutdoor Fires(Campfires)(Continued) • Break up material and continue adding water until all signs of flames and glowing embers are gone • If water is not available, or in combination with water, throw soil, sand, etc. While breaking up burned materials
ExtinguishingOutdoor Fires(Campfires)(Continued) • Using care, place your hand close to the burned area to check to see if cool • Campfires, signal fires, etc., must always be completely extinguished and cool to the touch before leaving them • Efforts to extinguish a brushfire should only be attempted if the fire is very small, there is little or no wind, and an escape route is available. If in doubt, retreat and call the authorities
QUESTIONS? ALWAYS THINK SAFETY!
