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The Enlightenment

The Enlightenment. Enlightenment (Age of Reason). Enlightenment thinkers believed that human progress was possible through: the application of scientific knowledge & reason to the issues of law & government. Enlightenment (Age of Reason). The Enlightenment:

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The Enlightenment

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  1. The Enlightenment

  2. Enlightenment (Age of Reason) • Enlightenment thinkers believed that human progress was possible through: • the application of scientific knowledge & reason to the issues of law & government

  3. Enlightenment (Age of Reason) • The Enlightenment: • Applied reason to the human world, not just natural world • Stimulated religious tolerance • Fueled democratic revolutions around the world

  4. Enlightenment Thinkers & Ideas • Thomas Hobbes • Leviathan • Humans exist in a primitive “state of nature” • Humans consent to government for self-protection • The state must have central authority to manage behavior

  5. Enlightenment Thinkers & Ideas • John Locke • Two Treatises on Government • People are sovereign • Monarchs are not chosen by God (“divine right”) • Social Contract • Consent to government for protection of natural rights to life, liberty & property

  6. Enlightenment Thinkers & Ideas • Montesquieu • The Spirit of Laws • The best form of government includes a separation of powers

  7. Enlightenment Thinkers & Ideas • Jean-Jacques Rousseau • The Social Contract • Government is a contract between the rulers & the people

  8. Enlightenment Thinkers & Ideas • Voltaire • Religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism • Separation of church & state

  9. Influence of the Enlightenment • Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolutions in the Americas & France • Enlightenment ideas influenced: • Declaration of Independence (T. Jefferson) • US Constitution • Bill of Rights

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