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THE GRAMMAR OF WORDS: ‘ ACCIDENT’

THE GRAMMAR OF WORDS: ‘ ACCIDENT’. HYPOTHESES 1. FORM 1.1. It is a complex word, formed with a base and a derivational suffix. 1.2. It shows number and case contrast 2. FUNCTION 2.1 It always works as Head of an NP. The NP in which it functions as H can function as S and Od .

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THE GRAMMAR OF WORDS: ‘ ACCIDENT’

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  1. THE GRAMMAR OF WORDS: ‘ACCIDENT’ • HYPOTHESES • 1. FORM • 1.1. It is a complex word, formed with a base and a derivational suffix. • 1.2. It shows number and case contrast • 2. FUNCTION • 2.1 It always works as Head of an NP. The NP in which it functions as H can function as S and Od. • 3. DISTRIBUTION • 3.1 It can take all type of determiners • 3.2 It can be premodified by AdjPs • 3.3 It can be coordinated with nouns such as disease or death • 3.4. It goes with impersonal subjects • 4. MEANING • 4.1 It means “An unexpected, undesirable event”.

  2. THE GRAMMAR OF WORDS: ‘ACCIDENT’ CORPUS 1. paying premiums to insurance companies ? Accidents, however, usually take us by surprise. 2. apart from spoiling the leg it may easily cause an accident and may stall the machine. 3. was worth to allow his cattle to be the cause of an accident. |Gloria had laughed when 4. out by a lucky blow. It was almost an accident. I have now earned my place by the fire. 5. ' I have never had an accident before, and I was never on the wrong side of the road. 6. unrobbed, sheltered from disease and accident by doctors, God and the municipalit 7. Minimise the danger that a nuclear war might begin by accident or misunderstanding or from 8. modelling yesterday for the first time since the car accident that put her in hospital four weeks 9. sites with a view to reducing the risk of electrical accident, e.g.: P58 in the construction 10. in 1960 one-eighth of all electrical accidents, including one-third of the fatalities, occurred on 11. continue, they are more likely to suffer a fatal accident in the home. 12. been broken. The only major accident of the week-end occurred a few yards outside 13. thank you for saving him from a nasty accident, ' she said shyly, her eyes full of gratitude. 14. the coincidence of numbers is no accident. ^ the administration's requirement that the V 15. at the police station. they 've had no accidents reported. ^ *' would you like a cup of tea 16. for the textual changes which is neither chance nor accident, two terms which often cover 17. both the total number of accidents ( 222 ) and the number of deaths ( 20 ) were greater 18. the royal society for the prevention of accidents, in order to determine methods of 19. have acclaimed Chislehurst-Sidcup as an area free of accidents during the weekends. 20. factories place great emphasis on accident prevention, and it is equally important that safety 21. had some sudden illness or accident produced a psychological change in him, 22. care. now provisional accident figures for the year suggest that wifely strictures were b 23. when he met with his first railway accident at Staplehurst, as were Ellen and her mother. 24. Promote and encourage the use of methods for reducing accidents and dangerous occurrences 25. give a momentary reflection on the calamity of road accidents. The barking dog made me 26. who is in hospital recovering from a ski-ingaccident. She was driven from Oxford to 27. with overhead lines remains serious; such accidents have occurred in factories since 1954, 28. division, and the fact that the accident rate in this coalfield is lower than the national average 29. the only conclusion she can come to regarding this accident is that when it happened she 30. on a procedure for the avoidance of unfortunate accident in the heat of battle. Less than no 31. there has been a most unfortunate accident, regrettable piece of carelessness on the part of 32. out with his team captain. Within a week I had accidentally crashed into the captain on the

  3. ACCIDENT • Main Entry: ac·ci·dent • Pronunciation: \ˈak-sə-dənt, -ˌdent; ˈaks-dənt\ • Function: noun • Etymology: Middle English, from Middle French, from Latin accident-, accidens nonessential quality, chance, from present participle of accidere to happen, from ad- + cadere to fall — more at chance • Date: 14th century • 1 a: an unforeseen and unplanned event or circumstance b: lack of intention or necessity :chance <met by accident rather than by design>2 a: an unfortunate event resulting especially from carelessness or ignorance b: an unexpected and medically important bodily event especially when injurious <a cerebrovascular accident> c: an unexpected happening causing loss or injury which is not due to any fault or misconduct on the part of the person injured but for which legal relief may be sought d —used euphemistically to refer to an involuntary act or instance of urination or defecation3: a nonessential property or quality of an entity or circumstance <the accident of nationality> Source: http://www.merriam-webster.com

  4. FORM • 1.1. It is a complex word, formed with a base and a derivational suffix. • ACCID-ENT?

  5. FORM Source: http://www.etymonline.com

  6. ADJECTIVES IN -ENT NOUNS IN -ENT PRESIDENT STUDENT RESIDENT OPPONENT PRESIDE + -ENT STUDY + ENT RESIDE + -ENT ?? OPPONE + -ENT (OPPOSE)

  7. Main Entry: 1ac·ci·den·tal • Pronunciation: \ˌak-sə-ˈden-təl\ • Function: adjective • Date: 14th century • 1: arising from extrinsic causes :incidental, nonessential2 a: occurring unexpectedly or by chance b: happening without intent or through carelessness and often with unfortunate results • — ac·ci·den·tal·ly \-ˈdent-lē, -ˈden-təl-ē\ also ac·ci·dent·ly \-ˈdent-lē\ adverb • — ac·ci·den·tal·ness \-ˈden-təl-nəs\ noun • synonymsaccidental, fortuitous, casual, contingent mean not amenable to planning or prediction. accidental stresses chance <any resemblance to actual persons is entirely accidental>. fortuitous so strongly suggests chance that it often connotes entire absence of cause <a series of fortuitous events>. casual stresses lack of real or apparent premeditation or intent <a casual encounter with a stranger>. contingent suggests possibility of happening but stresses uncertainty and dependence on other future events for existence or occurrence <the contingent effects of the proposed law>.

  8. 1.2. It shows number and case contrast 2. it may easily cause an accident and may stall the machine. 3. was worth to allow his cattle to be the cause of an accident. 12. The only major accident of the week-end occurred a few yards outside 1. Accidents, however, usually take us by surprise. 15. at the police station. they 've had no accidents reported. 25. give a momentary reflection on the calamity of road accidents.

  9. 1.2. It shows number and case contrast 2. it may easily cause an accident and may stall the machine. → it may easily cause accidents 3. was worth to allow his cattle to be the cause of an accident. → …the cause of an accidents. 12. The only major accident of the week-end → The only major accidents … 1. Accidents, however, usually take us by surprise. → Anaccident, however, usually takes us by surprise 15. they 've had no accidents reported. → they 've had an accident reported. 25. give a momentary reflection on the calamity of road accidents. → … the calamity of a road accident

  10. 1.2. It shows number and case contrast 4. out by a lucky blow. It was almost an accident. → ?? They were almost accidents 7. a nuclear war might begin by accident→ * a nuclear war might begin by accidents 14. the coincidence of numbers is no accident. → * the coincidence of numbers is no accidents. 16. …which is neither chance nor accident → * which is neither chance nor accidents

  11. 1.2. It shows number and case contrast 3. was worth to allow his cattle to be the cause of an accident. 17. both the total number of accidents ( 222 ) and the number of deaths ( 20 ) were greater 18. the royal society for the prevention of accidents, 20. factories place great emphasis on accident prevention, 22. care. now provisional accident figures for the year 28. division, and the fact that the accident rate in this coalfield is lower than the national average

  12. 1.2. It shows number and case contrast 3. the cause of an accident.  ??the accident cause / *the accident’s cause 17. the total number of accidents  ?the accident(s) number / *the accident’s number 18. the prevention of accidents accident prevention / * (the) accident’s prevention

  13. 1.2. It shows number and case contrast 20. accident prevention  the prevention of accidents / *accident’s prevention 22. accident figures  ?the figures of accidents / *accident’s figures 28. theaccident rate  the rate of accidents / *accident’s rate

  14. 1.2. It shows number and case contrast • no past case has decided whether damages must be awarded for emotional injury away from the accident 's scene.

  15. 2. FUNCTION • 2.1 It always works as Head of an NP. The NP in which it functions as H can function as S and Od. 4. out by a lucky blow. It was almost an accident. I have now earned my place by the fire. 8. modelling yesterday for the first time since the car accident that put her in hospital four weeks 12. been broken. The only major accident of the week-end occurred a few yards outside 20. factories place great emphasis on accidentprevention, and it is equally important that safety 22. care. now provisional accidentfigures for the year suggest that wifely strictures were b 28. division, and the fact that the accidentrate in this coalfield is lower than the national average

  16. 2. FUNCTION 2.1 It always works as Head of an NP. The NP in which it functions as H can function as S and Od. 1. Accidents, however, usually take us by surprise. 12. been broken. The only major accident of the week-end occurred a few yards outside 27. with overhead lines remains serious; such accidents have occurred in factories since 1954, 2. it may easily cause an accident 5. ' I have never had an accident before, 11. continue, they are more likely to suffer a fatal accident in the home.

  17. 2. FUNCTION 2.1 It always works as Head of an NP. The NP in which it functions as H can function as S and Od. CS: 4. It was almost an accident. 14. the coincidence of numbers is no accident. Comp. of Prep: 3. was worth to allow his cattle to be the cause of an accident. 7. Minimise the danger that a nuclear war might begin byaccident or misunderstanding 13. thank you for saving him from a nasty accident, ' she said shyly, her eyes full of gratitude.

  18. 3. DISTRIBUTION:3.1 It can take all type of determiners • A(n): Central Determiner: IndefiniteArticle 2. it may easily cause an accident 3. the cause of anaccident. 4. It was almost an accident. I have now earned my place by the fire. 5. ' I have never had anaccident before. 11., 13., 26., 31. • The: Central Determiner: DefiniteArticle 8. since the car accident 12. The only major accident of the week-end

  19. 3. DISTRIBUTION:3.1 It can take all type of determiners • This: Central determiner, Demonstrative indicating nearness 29. the only conclusion she can come to regarding thisaccident • His: Central Determiner, Possessive 23. when he met with his first railway accident at Staplehurst • No : Central Determiner, Quantifier 14. the coincidence of numbers is noaccident. 15. at the police station. they 've had noaccidents reported. • All + plural: Pre-central determiner, Quantifier 10. in 1960 one-eighth of all electrical accidents, • Such + plural: Central Determiner 27. suchaccidents have occurred in factories since 1954,

  20. 3. DISTRIBUTION:3.1 It can take all type of determiners • Ø + singular: 6. sheltered from disease and accident by doctors 7. by accident or misunderstanding or from 9.the risk of electrical accident 16. neither chance nor accident 30. the avoidance of unfortunate accident in the heat of battle. • Ø + plural: 1. Accidents, however, usually take us by surprise. 18. the royal society for the prevention of accidents 19. an area free of accidents during the weekends. 24. methods for reducing accidents 25. the calamity of road accidents.

  21. 3. DISTRIBUTION:3.1 It can take all type of determiners Correlation meaning / determiners / number contrast and countability: • Accident as “fatal event”: Typically: countable: Determiners: a(n), this, that + Singular: 2, 3, 5, 11, 13., 26, 29,31. such, these, those, Ø + plural: 1, 10, 18, 19, 24, 25. Ocassionaly: uncountable: Determiners: Ø + singular: 6, 30 • Accident as “chance”: Typically: uncountable Determiners: Ø + singular: 7, 16 Ocassionaly: countable: Determiners: a(n) + Singular: 4

  22. 3. DISTRIBUTION:3.2 It can be premodified by AdjPs • AdjPs ‘electrical accident’ (9, 10); ‘fatal accident’ (11); ‘major accident’ (12); ‘nasty accident’ (13); ‘unfortunate accident’ (30, 31). • NPs ‘car accident’ (8); ‘railway accident’ (23); ‘road accidents’ (25); ‘ski-ing accidents’ (26).

  23. 3. DISTRIBUTION3.3 It can be coordinated with nouns such as disease or death • ‘Sheltered from disease and accident’ (e.g. 6). • ‘By accident or misunderstanding’ (e.g. 7). • ‘Neither chance nor accident’ (e.g. 16). • ‘The total number of accidents and the number of deaths’ (e.g.17). • ‘Sudden illness or accident’ (e.g. 21). • ‘Accidents and dangerous occurrences’ (e.g. 24).

  24. 3. DISTRIBUTION: 3.4. It goes with non-personal subjects 2. apart from spoiling the leg it may easily cause an accident and may stall the 3. was worth to allow his cattle to be the cause of an accident. 5. ' Ihave never had an accident before, and I was never on the wrong side of 11. continue, they are more likely to suffer a fatal accident in the home. 13. thank you for savinghim from a nasty accident, ' 15. at the police station. they 've had no accidents reported. 23. when hemet with his first railway accident at Staplehurst, 26. who is in hospital recovering from a ski-ing accident. 4. out by a lucky blow. Itwas almost an accident. 14. the coincidence of numbers is no accident. 16. for the textual changes whichis neither chance nor accident, 31. therehas been a most unfortunate accident, regrettable piece of carelessness

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