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Explore how the Second Great Awakening sparked societal change through spiritual revival, Unitarianism, Transcendentalism, the African American Church, abolitionism, women's rights movements, and reforms in education. From the impassioned preaching of revival meetings to the political and cultural impact of reformist movements, this era saw a shift towards activism, equality, and social justice in the United States. Discover the key figures, events, and ideologies that shaped this period of spiritual awakening and reform in American history.
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A Spiritual Awakening Inspires Reform • The Second Great Awakening-Widespread Christian movement to awaken religious sentiments. • Revival meeting- Revive faith through impassioned preaching.
Unitarians and Transcendentalists • Unitarians- emphasized reason as a path to perfection. • Transcendentalism- emphasized that truth could be discovered intuitively by observing nature and relating it to one’s own emotional and spiritual experience. Ralph Waldo Emerson
The African American Church • Slaves in the south interpreted stories as a promise of freedom • Northern African Americans were able to form their own churches. These churches often became political, cultural, and social centers for African Americans.
Slavery and Abolition • Abolition- movement to free African Americans from slavery • William Lloyd Garrison- Editor of the Liberator • Frederick Douglass- Outspoken critic of slavery. Owned newspaper, The North Star
Writing an Article • Address an injustice in the world today • Advocates a course of action • Be Written in a professional tone • Two Paragraphs
Turner’s Rebellion • Nat Turner attacked four plantations and killed whites. • Slave owners oppose abolition- some wanted emancipation for slaves. Most chose to tighten restrictions on all African American to prevent them from plotting insurrections.
Women and Reform • Women mobilize for Reform- Women abolitionist raised money distributed literature, and collected signatures for anti slavery petitions to Congress.
Education for Women • Work for abolition and temperance accompanied gains in education. • Gain in education improved women’s health reform. • Women rights movements emerges- Male abolitionist discriminated against female abolitionist. Elizabeth Cady Stanton held the Women’s Rights convention.
Women and Reform • Seneca Falls convention- called for a resolution for a women’s right to vote • Sojourner Truth- outspoken abolitionist refuted the arguments that because she was a women she was weak, and because she was black, she was not feminine.
