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Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution. What you need to know. Eli Whitney – 2 major inventions How Industrial Revolution changed life NE shift to manufacturing How cotton gin changed south American Plan Canals & roads 2 nd Bank of the US Era of Good Feeling. The Industrial Revolution.

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Industrial Revolution

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  1. Industrial Revolution

  2. What you need to know • Eli Whitney – 2 major inventions • How Industrial Revolution changed life • NE shift to manufacturing • How cotton gin changed south • American Plan • Canals & roads • 2nd Bank of the US • Era of Good Feeling

  3. The Industrial Revolution • Period of change in history when: • Machines replaced hand tools for manufacturing • Factories grew in size & efficiency • Society began move from rural to urban

  4. Interchangeable Parts • Invented by Eli Whitney • Allow for consistency • Goods manufactured exactly alike • Factories could manufacture more • Quicker & easier to build

  5. Interchangeable Parts • Replace part, not entire product • People accumulate wealth • Don’t have to throw things away; can fix them easily

  6. The Factory System • Power-driven machines • Early – water & steam power • Later – electricity • Division of labor • People do simple tasks quickly • Assembly line

  7. The Factory System • Started in British textile industry in Manchester • Factories grow, people move from farms to cities to find jobs

  8. America industrializes • Embargo of 1807 / War of 1812 • Both stopped international trade • US couldn’t buy foreign goods • Changed from exporting raw materials to manufacturing

  9. Northeastern Economy • Mostly shipping & importing • Badly hit by embargo & war • 1st factories in US were in NE • British-style textile mills

  10. Northeastern Economy • Agriculture was not as important to NE economy • Couldn’t grow cash crops • Mostly subsistence farmers • No demand for slaves • By 1804 most NE states abolished

  11. Northeastern Economy • Many moved to NE cities for work • Invested big $ in factories • Investing $ in agriculture was a waste of time

  12. Northwestern Economy • Land better for farming • Grew a couple of cash crops or livestock plus food for family • Corn, wheat, cattle

  13. Northwestern Economy • Sold crops in city markets to non-farmers • No need for slaves • Didn’t require much labor • No huge profits

  14. Southern Economy • Farmers in 1700s grew mostly long-staple cotton • Expensive & difficult to grow • Only grows along warm coastline • Easy to “clean” – remove seed • Expensive selling price – luxury item

  15. Long-staple cotton

  16. Southern Economy • Few grew short-staple cotton • Cheap & easy to grow • Grows anywhere it’s warm • Hard to clean – fibers are tighter • Too expensive to process by hand • Not as fancy – cheaper price

  17. Short-staple cotton

  18. The Cotton Gin • Eli Whitney invented – 1793 • Easier to cultivate short-staple • Feasible to grow all over south • Cheaper product – must grow lots to make money

  19. Southern Economy • Poor farmers could buy cheap land in new western states • Set up new plantations for cheap short-staple cotton • More and more slaves needed

  20. Southern Economy • King Cotton • S becomes dependent on cotton • Rely on exporting to NE & Britain • No need to industrialize

  21. American System • 3-pt plan for US to grow & unify • Transportation improvements • Roads, canals, harbors • Protective tariff • Help US businesses compete • Bring back Bank of the US • Stabilize & nationalize economy

  22. Henry Clay • Speaker of the House from KY • Wanted help for new states to develop

  23. American System • Better transportation helps goods get from S/W to NE • Makes everyone better off • Economic freedom from Europe

  24. Transportation improvements • Roads • Built by states all over • Paid for mostly by tolls • National Road – from MD to IL

  25. Transportation improvements • Canals • Erie Canal connected Great Lakes to Atlantic Ocean • Took 8 years to build • Made New York City most important port in US

  26. Tariff of 1816 • After War ended Britain flooded US market with cheap goods • US companies couldn’t compete • RaisedBritish prices – equalized to US prices

  27. Tariff of 1816 • Money made from tariff paid for internal improvements • S & W weren’t happy • Weren’t manufacturing anyway • Raisedprices for US exports (cotton)

  28. 2nd Bank of the US • Supported by people nationwide • Common currency – business easier across regions

  29. “Era of Good Feeling” • James Monroe elected President in 1816 • Most Americans happy with gov

  30. What you need to know • Eli Whitney – 2 major inventions • How Industrial Revolution changed life • NE shift to manufacturing • How cotton gin changed south • American Plan • Canals & roads • 2nd Bank of the US • Era of Good Feeling

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