Foundations of Islamic Beliefs

1. Foundations of Islamic Beliefs Global History I: Spiconardi

2. Faith (shahada)“La ilah illa Allah wa Muhammad rasul Allah,” meaning “There is no God but the one God and Muhammad is His prophet.” Prayer (salat) Muslims must recite 5 daily prayers Muslims must perform a ritual bathing before prayer (wudu) The Five Pillars of Islam

3. The Five Pillars of Islam • Prayer (Salat) • Muezzin – Person who calls Muslims to the mosque for prayer or Friday services

4. Almsgiving (zakat) a tax is levied on those living above subsistence and the tax is then supposed to be redistributed to the poor Fasting (saum) No food, drink, smoking or sex from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan The Five Pillars of Islam

5. The Five Pillars of Islam • Pilgrimage (Hajj) Every able-bodied Muslim must make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lifetime

6. The Five Pillars of Islam: The Hajj

7. Ramadan • Ramadan  month of fasting and worshipping that evokes piety • Fasting promotes self-discipline and spiritual awareness • Celebrates when the Qur’an was first revealed to Muhammad • New crescent moon starts Ramadan, while new moon ends Ramadan • Eid al-Fitr – feast that ends Ramadan

8. Qur’an (Koran) • Qur’an Islamic holy book • Considered the very word of Allah • Arabic for “recitation” since Muhammad recited what the angel Gabriel told him • Difficult to translate • No one version

9. Hadith • Hadith collection of the sayings and traditions of Muhammad • Sunna The example of Muhammad (“What would Muhammad do?”)

10. The Shari’ah • The Shari’ah  “The way” • Body of laws and rules that regulate Islamic life • No alcohol • No pork • Not allowed to depict living things • Countries like Iran base their laws on the Shari’ah • Mufti experts on Islamic law