FIRST AID

1. FIRST AID First Aid – the immediate, temporary care given to a person who has become sick or who has been injured.

2. EMERGENCY FIRST AID • If you are the first on the scene of accident that results in an injury or serious illness, you may be the only link between a victim and emergency medical care. Your role is to take action, whether by providing first aid, seeking medical help or calling 911. Your actions may improve the victims chance of recovery. • The following slides will provide specific information from The American Safety & Health Institute (ASHI) on basic first aid procedures.

3. CHECK THE SCENE AND THE VICTIM • Assess the situation and the immediate environment for possible danger to you and the victim • Tap victim on shoulder to see if conscious • If unconscious-have someone call 911 • If by yourself position person on his/her side and make the call yourself • Check for breathing and pulse; if no signs of breathing/pulse care for these conditions

4. GIVE CARE • Monitor the person’s condition – watch for changes in breathing and consciousness • Do NOT move the person unless there are nearby dangers, such as fire, poisonous gases, or downed power lines • Help the person rest comfortably • Keep the person from getting overheated or chilled

5. BLEEDING • Apply direct pressureto the wound(at this time a direct pressure bandage may be used) • Elevate(do not further harm) • Pressure Point additional pressure may be applied to a pressure point to help reduce bleeding.

6. CARE FOR SHOCK • Keep the victim laying down (if possible). • Elevate legs 10-12 inches… unless you suspect a spinal injury or broken bones. • Cover the victim to maintain body temperature. • Provide the victim with plenty of fresh air. • If victim begins to vomit - place them on their left side. • Call 911.

7. BONES, JOINTS AND MUSCLE INJURIES • Usually not life-threatening • Fractures – a break or crack in a bone • Closed fracture – bone doesn’t push through skin • Open fracture – bone pierces the skin

8. CARE FOR FRACTURE • Fracture open – stop the bleeding. Using a dressing, apply pressure around the bone end that is piercing the skin. • DO NOT put pressure directly on the bone • DO NOT attempt to push the bone back through the skin • Immobilize the injured area • Do not move the person unless it is essential

9. FIRST AID FOR SPRAINS AND STRAINSI-C-E • I - Ice, apply a cold pack. Do not apply ice directly to skin. • C - Compress, use an elastic or conforming wrap - not too tight. • E - Elevate, above heart level to control internal bleeding.

10. CARE FOR DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURESI-A-C-T • I - Immobilize area. Use pillows, jackets, blankets, etc. Stop any movement by supporting injured area. • A - Activate Emergency Medical Services (EMS), call 911. • C - Care for shock. See “Care for Shock” slide. • T - Treat any additional secondary injuries.

11. WOUNDS • Four steps in apply first aid to wounds • Stop bleeding • Protect wound from infection • Treat victim for shock • Seek medical care

12. WOUND TYPES • Five different types of wounds • Abrasion – damage outer layers of skin • Incision – may result in heavy bleeding caused by knife or broken glass; can damage muscular and nerve tissue • Laceration – jagged, irregular tearing of skin; may have heavy bleeding; risk of infection and inner tissue damage

13. WOUND TYPES 4. Puncture – pin, splinter, or other pointed object pierces skin; external bleeding may be minimal; internal bleeding occurs 5. Avulsion – when tissue is separated form victim’s body

14. POISONING • Assess the scene for clues and safety. • Poisons can be swallowed, inhaled, injected or absorbed through the skin. • Get victim away from poison if necessary. • Provide care for any life threatening conditions.

15. POISONING • Oral poisoning – Call a poison control center or 911 • Inhalation poisoning – • Protect your safety first • Remove the victim from the area • Victim is unconscious, tilt the head back and check for breathing and pulse – give CPR • Victim is conscious, loosen clothing around neck and waist-watch victims breathing

16. POISONING • Contact poisoning • Remove contaminated clothing • Flush the affected area with large amounts of water • If rash develops apply calamine lotion • Contact doctor in cases of severe irritation, inflammation and pain

17. BURNS • Classified according to the degree of damage • First degree are surface burns –outer layer of skin is reddened and painful • Second degree extend through the outer layer of the skin, causing blisters and reddening • Third degree damages all the layers of the skin and the tissues underneath

18. BURN CARE • Three steps of Burn Care • Stop the burning • Cool the burn • Cover the burn to prevent infection

19. RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES • Use CPR--for breathing failure, heart attacks and strokes [next slides] • Choking – if person can speak or cough, encourage them to keep coughing. • If person cannot cough or speak then perform the Heimlich maneuver • Heimlich maneuver is a technique that uses abdominal thrusts to dislodge the object blocking the person airway

20. CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATIONCPR ABC’s • AIRWAY - Open the airway with the tilt-chin method. • Breath - give two breaths. • Check circulation. • If there is no pulse or breathing…..(next slide)

21. CPR Continued • … Perform chest compressions. • 15 compressions and two breaths. • Count = 1&2&3&4&5…&15 • Call 911.

22. RESCUE BREATHING • 1 breath every 5 seconds - 12 per minute. • Compressions : ventilations = 15:2

23. REMEMBER!!!UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS: • The routine use of appropriate barrier precautions to prevent skin and mucous membrane exposure when contact with blood or other body fluids of any individual may occur or is anticipated. • Universal Precautions apply to blood and to all other body fluids with potential for spreading any infections.

24. THE ENDDivision of Youth CorrectionsOffice of Quality Assurance