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Dive into the fascinating world of the Animal Kingdom with this comprehensive guide. Learn about the diverse phyla, characteristics, and anatomy of animals, from sponges and flatworms to insects and vertebrates.
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Porifera Cnidaria Nematoda Annelida Echinodermata Platyhelminthes Mollusca Arthropoda Chordata (Phyla) pseudocoel coelom coelom deuterosomes protosomes body cavity Radial symmetry bilateral tissue symmetry symmetry tissue Tree for Classifying Animals ancestral protist
Characteristics of Animals • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • Embryonic development • Heterotrophic, ingestive • No cell walls • Mobile • Tissues
Classification • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species Remember:There may be sub-groups and supra-groups
Phylum Porifera: The Sponges • No organs • Conglomerate of cells • Sexual Reproduction • Asexual reproduction • Budding
Phylum Porifera: The Sponges • Most Marine • Some Fresh water (Grantia) Grantia freshwater Marine
osculum Anatomy of Typical Sponge Inner cells with flagellae create currents The currents cause water flow into pores and out the osculum at top. Spicules strengthen the walls.
Phylum Cnidaria • Examples: Jelly fish, corals, anemones • Stinging Cells (cnidocytes) • harpoons • 2 stages • Polyp • Medusa
Phylum Cnidaria • Most are Marine • Some Fresh water • Look for freshwater jellyfish in fall in large MO reservoirs
MEDUSA TWO FORMS mesoglea gastrovascular cavity tentacles mouth tentacles mouth gastrovascular cavity mesoglea POLYP
Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flatworms • Examples: Flukes, Planaria, Tapeworms • Organs present • No system of blood circulation • Parasitic (tapeworms, flukes) • Free-living (planaria)
Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flukes Human Liver Fluke This species affects humans and destroys the liver.
Phylum Platyhelminthes: Tapeworms Human Tapeworm A parasite Head or Scolex
Nervous system nerve cords primitive eyes cerebral ganglia genital pore ovaries Reproductive system testes penis Body Plan of Flatworm: Dugesia • Nervous System • Head region • Primitive Eyes • Reproduction • Sexual • Asexual Planaria
Porifera Cnidaria Nematoda Annelida Echinodermata Platyhelminthes Mollusca Arthropoda Chordata (Phyla) pseudocoel coelom coelom deuterosomes protosomes body cavity Complete digestive tract Radial symmetry bilateral tissue symmetry symmetry tissue Tree for Classifying Animals ancestral protist
Phylum Nematoda: Roundworms • Examples: Hookworm, Round worms, Guinea worm • Organs Present • Complete digestive tract • Roles • pests for farmers • human parasites • trichinosis and hookworm • Sexual reproduction • Free living • Separate sexes
Phylum Nematoda: Hookworms Adult Worm “Mouth” with teeth Hookworms enter humans through the soles of the feet
Phylum Nematoda: Roundworms Male Female
CAUTION!! • Next slide is graphic
Guinea worms- (Serpent of Fire in Bible)?
Phylum Mollusca • Classes • Gastropods (snails, slugs) • Bivalves (oysters, clams, and mussels) • Cephalopods (octopus, squid, and nautilus) • Mantle tissue • Secretes shells
Mollusca Cephalapoda Gastropod Bivalves
Phylum Annelida: Segmented Worms • Examples: earthworms, leeches • Body segmentation • Reproduction • Hermaphroditic (1 organism is male and female)
intestine dorsal blood vessel brain No lungs “hearts” mouth coelomic space muscular walls between segments anus pairs of bristles Anatomy of Earthworm segments
Arthropoda (The jointed) Crab with recently shed exoskeleton
Phylum Arthropoda: Jointed appendages • Exoskeleton • carbohydrate • protein • Molting • Limits? • Appendages • jointed
Three Subphyla • I. Uniramia (Insects) • Three Segments (head, thorax, abdomen) • II. Crustacea (shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles) • III. Chelicerata (Spiders,ticks,mites, horseshoe crabs, centipedes, millipedes, scorpions) • Chelicerae: Appendages near mouth used in feeding and venom injection • Pedipalps (feeding/ courting/prey handling)
SOME INSECT ORDERS(There are more than 20 orders) True Bug Homoptera Beetles Coleoptera Flies Diptera
SOME INSECT ORDERS(There are more than 20 orders) Grasshoppers Orthoptera Bees, Wasps Hymenoptera Butterflies Lepidoptera
Insect Centipede
Barnacle Lobster Water flea (Daphnia)
Horseshoe Crab Spider (Tarantula) Mite
Echinodermata-The Spiny Ones Sea Star (old=Starfish) Sea Cucumber Sea Anemone
Phylum Echinodermata:Spiny skin • Examples: starfish, sea urchin, sea cucumber, sand dollar • Water vascular system • tube feet
The Chordates Urochordata Cephalochordata Vertebra
post-anal tail dorsal nerve cord notochord anus pharyngeal slits Phylum Chordata • Three Subphyla • Cephalochordata • Amphioxus (only representative) • Urochordata • Sea squirts • Vertebrata Amphioxus
Cephalochordata Amphioxus
Urochordata Sea squirts (Tunicate)
Vertebrata Cheetah
Vertebrates • Cartilaginous fish (shark, ray) • Bony fish (blue gill, salmon) • Amphibian (frog, salamander) • Reptile (snake, turtle, lizard) • Birds (ostrich, swallow) • Mammals (bear, human, duckbilled platypus)
Vertebrate Evolution • Cartilage to Bone • Half of vertebrates are fish. • sharks and rays cartilaginous • Most are bony fish • Transition to Land: • Amphibians:First land vertebrates • aquatic embryos and larvae • adults need moist environments.
Cartilaginous Fish Manta Ray
Lobe-finned Coelacanth Ancestor of all land vertebrates
Bony Fish Largemouth Bass Rainbow Trout Marlin
Amphibians Salamander Frog Toad