Biology ISP: The Animal Kingdom; Invertebrates

1. Biology ISP:The Animal Kingdom; Invertebrates By: Aileen Agata, Emily Catarina and Yvette Pecile

2. Quick Facts and Notes From Kingdom Animalia Animals without backbones are classified as invertebrates About 95% of all animals are invertebrates Insects and some others have exoskeletons (a hard outer covering that protects an animal’s body and gives it shape, usually made of chitin)while others have endoskeletons (starfish) All are multicellular(cells are working together for the survival of the organism, all cells have specific duties and responsibilities) Have a nucleus and organelles surrounded by a membrane (Eukaryotic) Cannot make their own food (Heterotrophic), digest their food

3. Basic Ideas

4. Where they Stand in the Animal Kingdom Animal Kingdom Invertebrates ( No backbone) Vertebrates (Backbone) Cnidarians Arthropods Mollusks Chordates Echinoderms Sponges Worms

5. General Lifecycle Most invertebrates (except for sponges and some Cnidarian) are hatched All begin as larvae and gradually grow Most follow these general lifecycles; Sexual Lifecycle of a Sea Sponge Asexual Lifecycle of a Cnidarian (Jellyfish)

6. Type(s) of Reproduction • Invertebrates can be sexually or asexually produced • Asexually reproduced example: Sponges-new sponges grow off of the old sponge and, depending on the species, they can break off to become a new organism • Sexually reproduced example: Sponges- sponges excrete gametes into the ocean which are carried by the current, many gametes are eaten, but those who are taken in by other sponges mix with that sponges’ gametes to form a new organism Sexual example Asexual example

7. General Internal Physical Structure Most (except for sponges) have two openings (mouth and anus) Have a tendency to concentrate sensory and nervous organs at the anterior (head) Those with systems usually have open ones (no blood vessels, blood flows freely) Example with closed-system: starfish

8. General External Physical Structure Many invertebrates are segmented (ants, worms etc.) Invertebrates with radial body symmetry (starfish, some sponges, jellyfish etc.) Invertebrates with bilateral body symmetry (worms, butterflies, bees etc.) Worms: soft bodies that usually secrete mucus Mollusks: soft bodies with internal or external shell External Shell Segments

9. Sponges and Cnidarians

10. Worms

11. Mollusks

12. Echinoderms

13. Arthropods

14. Types of Arthropods • Subphylum Chelicerata Arachnida – spiders, scorpions, etc. Merostomata – horseshoe crabs, eurypterids (extinct), etc. Pycnogonida – sea spiders • Subphylum Myriapoda Chilopoda – centipedes Diplopoda – millipedes Pauropoda – sister group to millipedes Symphyla – resemble centipedes • Subphylum Crustacea Branchiopoda – brine shrimp etc. Remipedia – blind crustaceans Cephalocarida – horseshoe shrimp Maxillopoda – barnacles, copepods, fish lice, etc. Ostracoda – seed shrimp Malacostraca – lobsters, crabs, shrimp, etc. • Subphylum Hexapoda Insecta – insects Entognatha – wingless

15. References Echinoderm Reproduction and Life Cycle. (n.d.). In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved from EncyclopaediaBritannica database. Hickey, L. (n.d.). Invertebrates Ch. 24-27 [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved April 23, 2014, from Slideplayer website: http://slideplayer.us/slide/766756/ Ianni. (2005). All About Sponges [Fact sheet]. Retrieved from Tree of Life web project database. Rader, A. (n.d.). Invertebrates - One of Two Major Animal Groupings [Fact sheet]. Retrieved April 23, 2014, from Biology4Kids website: http://www.biology4kids.com/files/invert_main.html Dunlop et al. (2010). McGraw-Hill Ryerson Biology 11. Toronto, Ontario: Diane Wyman.