Collab

1. Collab Final Exam Review Powerpoint Please use these with the idea that they are student generated and may be missing some information. Use they and ask yourself the following question, “Is all the information that I need here and correct?”

2. 1) Leader of Young Italy • Giuseppe Mazzini was the leader. • Was a speaker for the movement for Italian unity (Risorgimento) • In 1831 he founded a secret society called Young Italy. It was going to transform Italy into an independent nation. • He felt that a nation-state was very important.

3. 2) Reasons for end of Bismarck’s reign in Prussia • He had strict rule that prevented the development of a parliamentary democracy. • Tried to destroy the socialist party but it was too popular.

4. 3) Definitions of Nationalism • Pride in ones own nation, a desire for independence. • A more aggressive form of nationalism was when countries wanted to expand and used force because they thought there country was superior.

5. 4) Garibaldi • Giuseppe Garibaldi was the leader of the Italian nationalists that were preparing for revolution in southern Italy. • Was an expert in Guerilla warfare and he took part in Mazzini’s Roman Republic. When it fell in 1849 he fled to the united states. • When the people of the Kingdom of the two Sicilies were ready to revolt he returned to Italy. • In a few weeks he gained control of the island. he was later defeated on the mainland and surrendered everything to Victor Emanuel the II

6. The countries that participated in the Treaty of Versailles included: • The United States • Great Britain • France • Italy • Who were deciding what to do with: • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Bulgaria • Ottoman Empire Allied Powers CentralPowers 16. Treaty of Versailles participants

7. 17. Provisions of the Treaty of Versailles • Military reduced German army and banned conscription and manufacturing of war weapons • Reduced Germany in size • Forced Germany to return Alsace-Loraine to France • Allied forces would occupy the Rhineland together • Germany had to renounce the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • Reestablished independent Poland • Took Germany’s overseas colonies

8. 18. Assassination of Franz Ferdinand Franz Ferdinand was the archduke of Austria, and was assassinated on the way to a speech.

9. 19.) WWI Timeline of events

10. 20.) Characteristics of the Western Front

11. 21.) Kellogg-Briand Pact Between the US and France in 1928 to denounce war as a means of settling disputes. It was eventually signed by all nations of the world; however, it was poorly enforced.

12. 22.Militarism the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.

13. 23.Goal of Serbian Nationalists • Establish a greater Serbia.

14. 24.Reason of Russia Entering WWI • Russia became involved in WWI because Serbia, and ally of Russia, was attacked and accused of assassination by Austria-Hungary.

15. Reasons for Italy’s Neutrality 25 • Germany invaded Belguim and Italy was scared

16. Purpose for WW1 propaganda26 • To make it look like being in the was honorable so more people would join the war

17. No mans land 27 • The land between the opposing west trenches, France and Germany

18. Sinking of the Lusitania-31 • The Germans sink the Lusitania in 1915

19. Zimmerman Note-32 • From Germany to Mexico saying if they join the war they will return the land they lost (Texas, Arizona etc)

20. Difference between Marxism and Russian Communism-33 • Russian Communism never got to Marxism, Soviet government ran government and Marxism was run by the people

21. Wilson’s 14 Points#34 Wilson’s 14 points was a Peace plan made by Wilson which guided the making of the Treaty of Versailles.

22. G.B and France’s goals for Germany post WW1 #35 • France and Great Britain wanted reparations from Germany after WW1 to help pay for their damages of he war.

23. Declaration of War that began WW1 #36 • Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist. Serbia would not allow Austria-Hungary to investigate. Then Austria-Hungry delivered an ultimatum which Serbia did not meet.

24. #37: Reason Why Britain Entered WWI Germany invaded Belgium

25. #38: Causes of WWI Militarism and Nationalism

26. #39: Powder Keg Of Europe The nationalistic feelings of the people in the Balkan region of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (Serbia, Bosnia, etc.) gave the region the nickname of the "Powder Keg of Europe." 

27. 40 Technological Advances • Poison Gas • Railways • Tanks • Submarines • Small Arms • Flamethrowers

28. Characteristics of the Eastern Front 41 The length of the front in the east was much longer than in the west. While World War I on the Western Front developed into trench warfare, the battle lines on the Eastern Front were much more fluid and trenches never truly developed.

29. 42 Battles of Verdun and Somme The Battle of Verdun was one of the critical battles during World War 1 on the Western Front. The Battle of the Somme, also known as the Somme Offensive, fought from 1 July to 18 November 1916, was among the largest battles of the World War 1.

30. 43. Reasons for totalitarian rulers after WW1 • Totalitarianism is a government that has complete control over every aspect of life. • This type of government emerged because of the poor state of the economies and countries after the WW1. Italy and Germany are examples of these countries.

31. 44. Total War • Total war is all citizens and soldiers participate in battle. Not necessarily violence, citizens could participate in a non-violent way. • Picture is isn’t from WW1 but is an example of non violent propaganda used in total war.

32. 45. Isolationism • The foreign policy of a country to isolate itself from other countries. • A country that practices isolationism doesn’t have alliances, and has trade barriers from other countries. • China practiced isolationism

33. 46. Causes of WWII Fascism- Aggressive nationalism Treaty of Versailles- Japan was mad because they weren’t treated like equals, and Germany was completely screwed because she lost all her colonies and had to pay reparations. Appeasement- They gave Hitler a little bit of land to make him happy and avoid war, however Hitler is a greedy bastard and wanted more land so he took more, by force.

34. 47. Characteristics of Fascism • State over citizen • A form of aggressive nationalism

35. 48. Militarism in Japan • The military controlled the government of Japan.

36. 52. Types of Governments in 1920s in Germany, Italy, Japan, USSR. Germany = Totalitarian Italy = Totalitarian Japan = Military Russia = Communist

37. 53. Beginning of Great Depression • When there were no jobs and everyone was broke.

38. 54. Soviet Communism under Lenin • When Lenin took control of Russia and turned it into communist and renamed Russia to USSR.

39. #55. Communist leaders Communism- a socioeconomic structure and political ideology that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless society based on common ownership and control of the means of production and property in general is a socioeconomic structure and political ideology that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless society based on common ownership and control of the means of production and property in general

40. #56. Hitler's early life • rose to power in Germany during the 1920s and early 1930s at a time of social, political, and economic upheaval. Failing to take power by force in 1923, he eventually won power by democratic means. Once in power, he eliminated all opposition and launched an ambitious program of world domination and elimination of the Jews, paralleling ideas he advanced in his book, Mein Kamp. His "1,000 Year Reich" barely lasted 12 years and he died a broken and defeated man.

41. #57. global depression • The global economic situation looks increasingly bad as we face a certain global depression primarily due to the insane monetary policies of the central bankers. The Federal Reserve is now attempting to bail out failing financial institutions by creating more money out of thin air. Some of the big banks are reporting losses greater than the assets they have on the books.

42. 58) Reason Stalin gained control of Russia After Lenin s death in 1924, Joseph Stalin quickly gained control of the Communist party and the oppressive reforms started by Lenin were continued and at length became completely totalitarian. Stalin was able to attain control as a result of a multitude of reasons. He was not, however, Lenin s choice for a successor. Lenin believed that Trotsky was the best suitable to take the Communist party to the next level. Trotsky was not all that popular among party members though and Stalin was in a position as Gen Sek, or General Secretary, to place his people in powerful positions throughout the party. Also, Stalin worked extremely hard at achieving power whereas Trotsky was rather lazy. Because of these reasons along with Stalin s zero tolerance attitude towards everyone, he was able to seize control.

43. 59) Stalin's Reforms • Stalin put into effect two self proclaimed "five-year plans" over the course of his rule. Both were very similar in that they were intended to improve production in the nation. The first of these plans began collectivization, in which harvests and industrial products were seized by the government and distributed as needed. The government eliminated most private businesses and the state became the leader in commerce. Stalin also initiated a process called "Russification". Through this program, he ruled the minority nations of the USSR such as Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan more strictly. This policy of expansion also helped Stalin seize a large portion of Poland, and it was done under the guise that it was to "enrich the nation." Stalin established a secret police force which was unyielding and went about it's business with an iron fist, bringing down dissenters, revolutionaries, and those that cheated in collectivization. Much of Stalin's effectiveness can probably be contributed to this police force; because of their keenness in apprehending "criminals," Stalin went generally unopposed and he could carry out his policies which no one liked, but everyone endured. Anti-Semitism was abundant and encouraged at this time. Stalin's entrance into WWII left the Soviet Union, although victorious, in shambles. These factors all led to Stalin becoming an unpopular leader over his powerless people.

44. 60) Weimar Republic • The Weimar Republic is the name given by historians to the parliamentary republic established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government, named after Weimar, the place where the constitutional assembly took place. Its official name was still Deutsches Reich (German Empire), however. Following World War I, the republic emerged from the German Revolution in November 1918. In 1919, a national assembly convened in the city of Weimar, where a new constitution for the German Reich was written, to be adopted on 11 August. The attempt to establish a liberal democracy in Germany eventually failed 14 years later with the ascent of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in 1933. Although the 1919 Weimar constitution was never officially repealed, the legal measures taken by the Nazi government in February and March 1933, commonly known as Gleichschaltung ("forcible coordination") destroyed the mechanisms of democracy. Therefore, 1933 is usually seen as the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of Hitler's "Third Reich".

45. #61 League of Nations • The League of Nations is a organizations founded as a result of the Treaty Of Versailles. 1919-1920

46. #62 Sudetenland • The Sudetenland encompasses an area of 27,000 sq. kilometers (10,400 sq. miles) in Bohemia, Moravia and Sudeten Silesia (the latter, being part of Silesia which in 1763, after the Seven Years War between Maria Theresia of Austria and Frederick the Great of Prussia, had remained part of Austria.)

47. #63 Rhineland • The Rhineland (Rheinland in German) is the general name for the land on both sides of the river Rhine in the west of Germany. After the collapse of the French Empire in the early 19th century, the German-speaking regions at the middle and lower course of the Rhine were annexed to the kingdom of Prussia.

48. 70. Franklin D. Roosevelt • Roosevelt provided Lend-Lease aid to Winston Churchill and the British war effort before the United States' entry into World War II in December 1941. Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was the 32nd President of the United States.

49. 71. Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, (30 November 1874 - January 1965) was a British politician known chiefly for his leadership of the United Kingdom during World War II.

50. 72. Stalin • Josef Stalin (born  – 18 December 1878  – 5 March 1953) was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953. In the years following Lenin's death in 1924, he rose to become the leader of the Soviet Union. Stalin launched a command economy,replacing the New Economic Policy of the 1920s with Five-Year Plans and launching a period of rapid industrialization and economic collectivization.