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Anatomical Movements. FLEXION Bending or decreasing the angle between two bones. Examples: Trunk: Bending forwards (sideways – lateral flexion) Shoulder: Moving the arm forward. Arm: Bending at the elbow. Wrist: Bringing the palm towards the forearm.
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FLEXION Bending or decreasing the angle between two bones. Examples: Trunk: Bending forwards (sideways – lateral flexion) Shoulder: Moving the arm forward. Arm: Bending at the elbow. Wrist: Bringing the palm towards the forearm. Hip: Raising the thigh towards the trunk. Knee: Bending at the knee.
Extension: Straightening or increasing the angle between two bones. Examples: Trunk: Straightening up. Shoulder: Moving the arm backward. Arm: Straightening the elbow. Wrist: Straightening the wrist. Hip: Moving the leg backward. Knee: Straightening the knee.
Abduction: Moving a limb or part of a limb away from the midline of the body. Example: Moving outwards on a starjump. Adduction Moving a limb or part of a limb towards the midline of the body. Example: Bringing the limbs back together in a starjump.
Circumduction: A combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction. The movement of a limb resembles the shape of a cone. Example: The armstroke in butterfly.
Rotation Twisting of a limb about its long axis. Example: Turning the head Twisting the trunk.
Supination Movement of the hand into a palm-up position. (where supine is face- up) Examples: Turning a card over in cards Turning a page in a book. Pronation Movement of the hand into a palm-down position. (where prone is face down. Examples: Turning a card face down. Closing a book.
Inversion Movement of the sole of the foot inward. Eversion Movement of the sole of the foot outward.
Dorsiflexion Movement of the top of the foot upward, closer to the shin. Plantarflexion Movement of the sole of the foot downward. Pointing the toes.