The Hydrologic Cycle in our Changing Earth

1. The Hydrologic Cycle in our Changing Earth Please navigate this lesson using the buttons found along the bottom of each slide or clicking on an underlined word or phrase.

2. This lesson will review � Matter Phases of matter Phases and phase shifts of water The processes How they occur Where they occur When they occur How the Hydrologic Cycle changes Earth�s surface Glacial erosion Glacial lndforms

3. Presentation Supplements Be sure you have the handout of the blank concept diagramPlease� Fill in the blanks Add additional info Examples Where it occurs Tricks to help you remember

4. Phase Shifts of Water(blank work sheet can be printed)

5. Phases of Matter (recap) Smile! Pop quiz� What is matter? I dunno it doesn�t matter The stuff things are made of How much something weighs How much mass something has Reviewing critical pre-knowledge, if students don�t already know the answer, then the follow up research link becomes a didactic lesson.Reviewing critical pre-knowledge, if students don�t already know the answer, then the follow up research link becomes a didactic lesson.

6. Oops, Do a little research, think it out, and try answering the question again!

7. Woohooooo!!!You knew that matter is the stuff things are made of or, stated another way, any substance with mass. (You may want to jot down a note on the back of your concept diagram.) Great Job! Keep going!

8. Phases of matter (recap cont�d)� Do you remember what the four, (yes FOUR) phases or states of matter are? Infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood Beginning, intermediate, proficient, advanced New, crescent, gibbous, full Solid, liquid, gas, plasma Again, reviewing pre-knowledge followed by rule-eg if incorrectAgain, reviewing pre-knowledge followed by rule-eg if incorrect

9. Drat! You missed that one,  Do a little research, (make sure you read about ALL the phases), then think it out and try again!

10. Way to go!!! You remembered that the four phases or states of matter are: Solid, liquid, gas and plasma Next you�ll learn the what , where, when and how water changes into and out of the three most common phases: solid, liquid, & gas.

11. Phase shifts of WATER Water exists naturally on earth in the three main phases of matter Solid, Liquid, and Gas, and is continuously shifting amongst them. On the back of your diagram sheet, please give one example on or near Earth�s surface of where you could find water in EACH phase. (That�s three total examples) Didactic instruction creating knowledge base.Didactic instruction creating knowledge base.

12. Shifting between the phases is directly related to the amount of energy the substance has. The measure of the amount of energy in a substance is called HEAT. Therefore, the measure of heat (a.k.a. temperature) mostly determines what phase the substance is in. Phase shifts of WATER cont�d Didactic instruction creating knowledge base. Didactic instruction creating knowledge base.

13. Water most commonly changes phase at some very familiar temperatures. Liquid to Solid and/or solid to liquid at 32o Fahrenheit (F) or 0o Celsius (C) Liquid to Gas and/or Gas to Liquid at 212o F or 100o C Most people aren�t aware that water can change phase directly from solid to gas and gas to solid but there is no specific temperature at which this happens. Phase shifts of WATER cont�d Didactic instruction creating knowledge base. Didactic instruction creating knowledge base.

14. Phase shifts of WATER cont�d Didactic instruction creating knowledge base.Didactic instruction creating knowledge base.

15. You just saw� Solid, Liquid, Gas Melting and/or Freezing both occur at 32oF or 0oC Phase shifts of WATER cont�d

16. Phase shifts of WATER cont�d Didactic instruction creating knowledge base. Didactic instruction creating knowledge base.

17. Phase shifts of WATER cont�d You just saw� That the phase shift from liquid to gas occurs at 212oF or 100oC but evaporation and/or condensation can happen at various temperatures (it depends on relative humidity).

18. Phase shifts of WATER cont�d Didactic instruction creating knowledge base. Didactic instruction creating knowledge base.

19. Phase shifts of WATER cont�d You just saw� that sublimation and deposition occur, but that they do not have a set temperature at which they occur.

20. You should already be familiar with freezing and melting, and evaporation and condensation, but sublimation and deposition are probably new to you. Sublimation is the process where solid changes phase directly to gas without becoming liquid and is not dependent on temperature. Phase shifts of WATER cont�d Didactic instruction creating knowledge base. Didactic instruction creating knowledge base.

21. Sublimation happens in your frostless freezer when the fan turns on. Can you think of a place on Earth where a situation like this might occur? Ponds, lakes, rivers in the summer On the side of a glass of a cold beverage Glaciers, frozen lakes, cirrus clouds Phase shifts of WATER cont�d Didactic, rule given in previous slide, example given here, student transfers example to another instance.Didactic, rule given in previous slide, example given here, student transfers example to another instance.

22. Bummer, dude. Remember, in order to have sublimation, we must start with a solid changing phase to a gas. You can remember by thinking of your grandma saying �This dessert is simply sublime!� meaning �heavenly�, or in our case, the solid going to the heavens (the atmosphere is made of gasses). Think it through and try again!

23. FANTASTIC! Sublimation can happen when air moves across a glacier or frozen lake or, through cirrus clouds which are made of ice crystals. Sublimation is the process at work when something is �Freeze Dried�.

24. If deposition is the opposite of sublimation, where solid changes phase directly into gas without becoming liquid, then can you think of a naturally occurring example of deposition? Freezing rain Frost on the window in winter A shrinking puddle on a hot summer day Icicles growing downward from your eaves troughs Phase shifts of WATER cont�d This slide represents construction of knowledge by using previously learned information manipulating and building an understanding of a new concept without direct rule or example.This slide represents construction of knowledge by using previously learned information manipulating and building an understanding of a new concept without direct rule or example.

25. Doggone it. Remember, deposition is the gas DEPOSITing solid into the air as in snow crystals or, onto something like your freezer walls. Think it through and try again!

26. Yahooooooooooo!!!! You figured out that one example of deposition on Earth is when frost crystallizes on the window from gaseous water in the air!

27. Our Changing Earth Now that you�ve learned about how and where water changes phases we will examine how the different phases and shifts (especially solid/liquid) affect Earth�s surface.

28. How familiar with the freezing of water are you? Have you ever wondered why ice cubes float? As water gets nearer and nearer to freezing it�s molecules rearrange and spread out (expand) which increases its volume with the same amount of matter (that�s why bottles explode in the freezer) which makes it less dense causing it to rise or float in liquid water. Our Changing Earth

29. Think about what you�ve already experienced with freezing and thawing (expansion and contraction) of water and how it affects the roads in the winter, then think about how a glacier might affect its surroundings� Our Changing Earth

30. Our Changing Earth This is question is an instance of an inductive strategy where the previous slides showed an example and students are looking to apply the inferred rule to another situation.This is question is an instance of an inductive strategy where the previous slides showed an example and students are looking to apply the inferred rule to another situation.

31. Oooohhhh, not this time! Think about the potholes created when liquid water changes to solid, expands and forces the concrete apart. The same thing happens to the earth and rocks below a glacier and sometimes the materials are carried along in the glacier for many many miles.

32. Yaaaayyyy! You realized that after water seeps into cracks and crevices and then freezes again it will force those cracks apart even farther causing �weathering� or the breaking down of earth and rocks. GREAT JOB! Keep going!

33. As a glacier moves away from the �zone of accumulation� (the area where the snow falls creating the glacier) and the freeze/thaw cycles at the base of the glacier weather and erode the earth, much of this chewed up earth (detritus) is carried along by the glacier sometimes making it look quite dirty. Our Changing Earth

34. Our Changing Earth

35. Guess what?!? All of those possibilities could be TRUE depending the type of glacier and on how close you are to the zone of accumulation. Click this link and read the page to learn more about the how�s and where�s of glaciers�

36. Our Changing Earth After exploring the link and learning about the different types of glaciers, what type do you think we had in Michigan during the last ice age which lasted until about 10,000 years ago? Alpine glacier Continental glacier Didactic in nature, link provides rule, here they deduct exampleDidactic in nature, link provides rule, here they deduct example

37. Sorry, you came up cold on that one Remember, Alpine refers to the mountains and since we don�t have any true mountains in this portion of our continent our glaciers must have been �Continental� glaciers sometimes known as ice sheets. Here�s the link so you can look again ?

38. Correct! The glaciers that covered the central portion of North America are considered continental glaciers or ice sheets. Now let�s look at what glaciers can leave behind�

39. All of these erosional features can all be found in Michigan. In fact, you�ve driven over moraines and eskers, down roads made of gravel from moraines, played in kettle lakes, and found rocks carried here from Canada by glaciers! Our Changing Earth

40. Michigan Glacial Features

41. The Hydrologic Cycle in our Changing Earth� We have reached the end of our lesson and I hope you really looked at that link because now it�s time for you to pull together everything you�ve learned. Please get a fresh sheet of paper and go to the next slide�

42. The Hydrologic Cycle in our Changing Earth� On your clean sheet of paper please construct a diagram illustrating the main topics we�ve covered in this lesson including, but not limited to: Water in its different phases (all three) The phase shifts of water that occur and where they happen What affects they can have on Earth�s surface (we focused on Michigan and the solid/liquid phase shift) Be sure to label all of the features in your diagram and feel free to navigate back through the lesson to revisit important information. When you are finished with your diagram, please go to the next slide. This is an example of social construction. Students are required to use all of the different pieces presented and construct a big picture idea using a kinesthetic exercise.This is an example of social construction. Students are required to use all of the different pieces presented and construct a big picture idea using a kinesthetic exercise.

43. You have completed the lesson �Hydrologic Cycle in our Changing Earth� Congratulations!