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Renaissance The “Rebirth” of Western Europe

Renaissance The “Rebirth” of Western Europe. 1200-1600 Causes, Characteristics, and Effects. Causes. 1. Rise of Individualism 2. The Crusades- 13 th century, math and sciences flourished in the Arabic Islamic countries, compared with the west, where science was repressed by the church.

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Renaissance The “Rebirth” of Western Europe

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  1. RenaissanceThe “Rebirth” of Western Europe 1200-1600 Causes, Characteristics, and Effects

  2. Causes 1. Rise of Individualism 2. The Crusades- 13th century, math and sciences flourished in the Arabic Islamic countries, compared with the west, where science was repressed by the church. 3. Decline and fall of the Byzantine Empire- decline of the eastern Roman Empire, lead to Greco-Roman scholars to the west. These scholars brought with them texts and knowledge of classical Greek and Roman civilizations.

  3. Causes continued… 4. The Medici Family- one of the most wealthy families during this time. They allowed for the advancement of artwork. 5. The Great man (Renaissance man) argument- This theory argues that the existence of individual geniuses like Donatello, Leonardo da Vinci, and Michelangelo all sparked the Renaissance.

  4. Causes of the Renaissance 6. The Black Death theory- 1/3 of population dies of the plague. It affected everyone whether sinful or righteous. Neither fervent Christian beliefs, the payment of indulgences, confessions or anything else protected them from it. This caused the Christian view to shift making people live for the moment and not in preparation of the afterlife. This along with the distribution of the Bible and written knowledge (via the creation of moveable type on the printing press by Gutenberg) created an intellectual environment.

  5. Looking at our society today, what do you think some of the effects of the Renaissance might be?

  6. Characteristics 1. Interest in classical culture: Restore monuments and works of art. Petrarch is traditionally called the father of the Renaissance, he inspired humanist philosophy which led to the intellectual flowering of the Renaissance. He believed in the immense moral and practical value of the study of ancient history and literature - that is, the study of human thought and action. He was a poet. While humanism later became associated with secularism, Petrarch was a devout Christian and did not see a conflict between realizing humanity's potential and having religious faith.

  7. Characteristics cont… 2. Development of humanities: Scholars value these subjects concerned with human kind and culture. 3. Interest in earthly life: Concerned more with the earthly life than in preparation for afterlife. 4. Appreciation of the individual: People were interested in qualities that made individuals unique.

  8. Being a Renaissance Man • “Besides his noble birth, I would with the Courtier endowed by nature not only with talent and with beauty of countenance and person, but with that certain grace we call an ‘air,’ which shall make him at first sight pleasing and lovable to all who see him. . . . • “I deem it highly important, moreover, to know how to wrestle [and ]to be a perfect horseman. . . . He should also know how to swim, jump, run, throw stones; for besides their usefulness in war, it is frequently necessary to show one’s prowess in such things, whereby a good name is to be won.” • – Baldasarre Castiglione, The Courtier

  9. Characteristics cont… 5. Concern with public service and politics: Machiavelli writes handbooks dealing with political success. Education prepared men for public service. • In taking a state the conqueror must arrange to commit all his cruelties at once, so as not to have to recur to them every day, and by not making fresh changes, to reassure people and win them over by benefiting them. . . . Injuries should be done all together, so that being less tasted, they will give less offense. Benefits should be granted little by little, so that they may be better enjoyed. • – Niccolo Macchievelli, The Prince

  10. Characteristics cont… 6. Limited roles for women: Some Exceptions: First lady of the Renaissance- Isab elle d’Este At the age of sixteen, Isabella d'Este was able to speak Greek and Latin as well as play the lute, sing, dance and debate with people much older than her. She was very well-educated and her political talent benefited Mantua while she was ruling. When her husband left, Isabella governed the city on her own, and after he died she took over his whole job. And… • Catherine de Medici Under her influence, three of Catherine's sons became kings and she also arranged for her daughter to be married to the King of Spain in 1560. Catherine had a great interest in architecture and she demonstrated this with her authority over the building of the new wing of the Louvre Palace.

  11. Isabella d’Este – da Vinci, 1499 • 1474-1539 • “First Lady of the Italian Renaissance.” • Great patroness of the arts. • Known during her time as “First Lady of the World!”

  12. Characteristics cont… 7. Advances in technology: Block printing, paper from Arabs and Chinese Moveable type. 8. Achievements in literature and art: Works reflected an interest in realism. Example of these authors was Shakespeare. 9. Support for the arts: Wealthy patrons such as the Medici family supported poets and artists.

  13. School of Athens by Raphael

  14. La Primavera by Botticelli

  15. David by Michelangelo

  16. Pieta by Michelangelo

  17. Madonna and Saints by Titian

  18. Effects of Renaissance Looking at our society today, what do you think some of the effects of the Renaissance might be?

  19. Effects of Renaissance 1. Renaissance brought in New beliefs regarding Life and the Secular World - believed that this earthly life is worth living for its own sake; that this life and its pleasures need not be stopped or sacrificed in order to make sure of eternal life in another world.

  20. Effects of Renaissance 2.The Renaissance restored the Broken Unity of History – before the renaissance, there was infighting between Christianity and classical civilizations. Broken unity was restored when the ancient and the modern historical points of view, reunited.

  21. Effects of Renaissance 3. It reformed education. Humanism restored the Latin language and rediscovered the Greek language, and recovered the once rejected heritage of the ancient classics of Plato and Aristotle. Emphasis on scholasticism – which was a medieval philosophical and theological system that tried to connect faith with reason.

  22. Effects of Renaissance 4. Developed Vernacular Literatures Revival of two great literatures. Re-established specific vernacular (language of everyday speech in a particular area) Example: Shakespeare

  23. Effects of Renaissance 5. Called into existence the Sciences of Archaeology and Historical Criticism. The ruins of Rome were naturally the first object of reverent curiosity and remembrance of antiquity. The spirit that awoke during the renaissance was that of questioning, vs. accepting anything that was said.

  24. Effects of Renaissance 6. Gave impulse to Religious Reforms Because the printing press was now multiplying the bible in different languages they were mass produced in different languages. It became subject to enthuastic study and fresh interpretations.

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