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The Ancient Near East

The Ancient Near East. 2 .4 Core | Cultures and Empires that Defined the Era. The Hittites. Established control of Asia Minor c.1600-1200 B.C. Use of iron and chariots Absorbed the culture of the conquered Defeat of Babylon Its subsequent decline Conflict with Egypt.

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The Ancient Near East

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  1. The Ancient Near East 2.4 Core | Cultures and Empires that Defined the Era

  2. The Hittites • Established control of Asia Minor • c.1600-1200 B.C. • Use of iron and chariots • Absorbed the culture of the conquered • Defeat of Babylon • Its subsequent decline • Conflict with Egypt

  3. The Beginning of the Iron Age • c.1200 B.C. • The Hittites fell to a mysterious people, lost to history, known as the “Sea Peoples” • The end of the Hittite kingdom typically signifies the beginning of the Iron Age • The secret of iron-making was spread

  4. The Phoenicians • Emergence in light of regional instability • c. 1000-700 B.C. • Importance of trade • Purple dye • Colonies • Trading stations • Contributions to language • Alphabet

  5. Rise of Navies • Great for long distance, overseas trade • Tyre • Colonies act as refueling stations and centers of import and export • Cities emerge at these locations • Cultural exchange

  6. The Spread of Near Eastern Empires c. 700 B.C.

  7. The Mesopotamian Melting Pot • The Sumerian cultural legacy was strong • Alexander the Great observing Sumerian being studied c. 330 B.C. • The Babylonians expanded this greatly • The Kassites followed suit, building on top of the Babylonians • The Mitannians continued this, expanding the art of war as well – horse riders and charioteers

  8. The Assyrian Empire • Established c.700 B.C. • What is an empire? • Use of iron and brutality to subdue enemies • Why was this effective? • How can it work against you?

  9. The Assyrian Empire • Absolute power of ruler • Large, organized armies • Effective communications • Internal dispute and division • Collapse c.612 to future Chaldean empire and subsequent Persian empire

  10. The Chaldean Empire The Neo-Babylonian Empire | c. 612 B.C.

  11. The Chaldean Empire • Also known as the Neo-Babylonian Empire • Responsible for the “Babylonian Captivity” • Jewish Diaspora • Rose out of the instability after the Assyrian collapse

  12. The Chaldean Empire • Nebuchadnezzar II • Made Babylon the dominant power in the region • One of the greatest cities of the ancient world • The supposed location of the “Hanging Gardens of Babylon” • Considered a golden age of Mesopotamian civilization • The Chaldean Empire would fall to the Persian Empire c.539 B.C.

  13. Patterns of Empires? Rise through instability Dominate Become instable Fall New empire

  14. Central Power Its causes and effects and the Hegemonic Stability Theory

  15. State Stability = State over Nobles

  16. State Instability = Nobles over State

  17. State Civil War = Nobles fight for State

  18. Regional Stability What is happening at the region level

  19. Hegemonic Stability Theory Canaan Libya Kush

  20. Hegemon Destroyed, Regional instability, Regional power grows to fill power vacuum Canaan Libya Kush

  21. Regional power struggles until a new Hegemon arises Canaan Libya Kush

  22. A new Hegemon brings balance to regional power Canaan Egypt Libya Kush

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