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Art of the Ancient Near East

Art of the Ancient Near East. Chapter 2 The Rise of Civilization: The Art of the Ancient Near East. Gardner’s Art Through the Ages, 12e. The Ancient Near East. Figure 2-1 White Temple and ziggurat, Uruk (modern Warka), Iraq, ca. 3200–3000 BCE. .

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Art of the Ancient Near East

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  1. Art of the Ancient Near East

  2. Chapter 2 The Rise of Civilization: The Art of the Ancient Near East Gardner’s Art Through the Ages, 12e

  3. The Ancient Near East

  4. Figure 2-1 White Temple and ziggurat, Uruk (modern Warka), Iraq, ca. 3200–3000 BCE.

  5. White Temple and Ziggurat at Uruk, c. 3200-3000 BCE

  6. use of mud brick/ desire for monumental architecture/ celestial orientation/ cella

  7. Ziggurat at Ur (modern day Iraq), c.2100-2050 BCE

  8. Figure 2-4 Presentation of offerings to Inanna (Warka Vase), from Uruk, Iraq, ca. 3200–3000 BCE. Alabaster, 3’ 1/4” high. Iraq Museum, Baghdad.

  9. Mesopotamian Religion, Mythology, Gods and Goddesses • How are ancient Near Eastern ideas about religion different from Paleolithic and earlier Neolithic ideas? • Explore how these ideas are depicted in Sumerian sculpture, seals, and funerary objects.

  10. Statuettes from the Temple of Abu at Eshnunna (Tell Asmar), c. 2700-2600 BCE, gypsum stylization of physical types/ hypnotic gaze

  11. Statuettes from Tell Asmar • Short compact statues • Arms folded in front • Inscription on back “Always praying” • Huge eyes with giant pupils • Men have long flowing beards that ripple down chest • Compact statues • Arms cut away at side • Wear kilts Sumerian Art

  12. Above: Impression from a Sumerian cylinder seal, c.2500 BCELeft:Seated Statuette of Urnanshe, from the Ishtar temple at Mari (modern Tell Hariri, Syria), c. 2600-2500 BCE, gypsum

  13. Left: Soundbox of a Sumerian lyre (Ur, Iraq), c. 2600 BCEBelow: Lyre from Sumerian Royal Cemetery (Ur, Iraq), c. 2600 BCE

  14. Standard of Ur Hierarchy of Scale Narrative in art King inspects defeated enemies Horses placed behind each other to suggest depth Enemies nude to suggest defeat and debasement Repetition of forms Soundbox of a Lyre Attached to a lyre, found in a Sumerian royal grave Animals acting as people in ceremonies Separate scenes? Or scenes from the same story? Sumerian Art

  15. Standard of Ur (Ur), c. 2700 BCE Contrast between war and peace/ use of registers to depict a narrative/ discoveries from royal Sumerian graves/ depiction of human figures/ lapis lazuli

  16. “War side” of the Standard of Ur

  17. “Peace side” of the Standard of Ur”

  18. 2.2 Akkadian, Neo-Sumerian, Babylonian, and Hittite Cultures • Evaluate the stylistic and formal visual aspects of later Mesopotamian art and its iconography • Identify cultures that ruled the Mesopotamian regions throughout early history • Critically evaluate the role of art and power in different Near Eastern civilizations from this period • Evaluate architecture in different civilizations in Near Eastern cultures

  19. Ancient Near Eastern Politics and Art • Explore how art is used to express political ideas of kingship and territory in the ancient Akkadian and Neo-Sumerian cultures.

  20. Victory Stele of Naram-Sin • Naram-Sin as a god ruling with three gods symbolized as stars • Defeats his enemies: one thrown off cliff, one begs for mercy; one has a spear through his throat • Naram-Sin acts with the gods’ blessings, but is independent of them • He wears the horned crown of divinity • He and his army climb a mountain • Narrative in art • Hierarchy of scale • Relief sculpture • Rigid ground lines discarded • Regimentation of winners as opposed to the scattered defeated Akkadian Art

  21. Victory Stele of Naram-Sin (from Susa, Iran), 2254-2218 BCE, pink sandstone

  22. use of a stele to commemorate a victory/ Sargon of Akkad and Naram Sin/ hierarchical proportion/ organization of figures/ incorporating landscape

  23. Head of an Akkadian ruler (Ninevah, Iraq), c. 2250-2200 BCE, copperbalance of naturalism and stylization/ introduction of cast sculpture/ Akkadian concept of imperial power

  24. Seated Statue of Gudea from LagashNeo-Sumerian c. 2100 BCE

  25. Right: Votive statue of Gudea, c.2120 BCE, dioriteThe ensi Gudea/ image of piety for the god Ningirsu/ use of diorite

  26. The Code of Hammurabi • Explore the Code of Hammurabi, how it is expressed in art and why it contributes to cultural understanding in the ancient Near East.

  27. Babylonian Art Stele of Hammurabi • 300 law codes at bottom • Punishments depend on social standing • Earliest body of laws in existence • Hammurabi standing saluting god Shamash • Hammurabi rules with the permission of the god • Shamash hands the code to him • Divinely inspired law • Shamash has a coil-shaped crown, an extremely long beard and flames (wings?) coming from his back • Cuneiform

  28. Stele with law code of Hammurabi (Susa, Iran), c. 1780 BCE, basalt

  29. use of law to establish a central government (talion law)/ god (Shamash) and ruler linked

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