Ancient Near East

1. Ancient Near East Sumerian Akkadian Babylonian Assyrian Persian

2. Ancient Egypt Pre-dynastic Period Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom Amarna Period New Kingdom cont. Late Period

3. Proto-Greek Cycladic Minoan Fresco Secco Mycenaean Corbeling

4. Ancient Greek Archaic Greek—6th century Persian Wars [Darius the Great & Xerxes] Classical Greek—5th century[idealized naturalism] Contrapposto Polykleitos’sCannon of Proportions y = 2x + 1 Pericles Late Classical—4th century [humanized naturalism] Peloponnesian War (Sparta vs. Athens) death of Alexander the Great (323 BCE) Hellenistic Greek—3rd – 1st century BCE [dramatized naturalism]

5. Ancient Rome Republican Period [509 BCE – 27 BCE] Imperial Period [27 BCE – 410 CE] Early / High Empire Late Empire / Late Antiquity Concrete Rounded arch Second Style (illusionism) Linear perspective Atmospheric perspective

6. Early Christian / Late Antiquity [ca. 200 – 500 CE] Greco-Roman influence Mosaic Central plan Longitudinal plan

7. Byzantine [527 – 1453] Justinian & Theodora Pendentives& Squinches Iconocalsm Flat Fromal Frontal Floating

8. Early Medieval [400 – 1000] Hiberno-Saxon [600s – 700s] Carolingian [800s] Viking [800s] Ottonian [900s]

9. Romanesque [1050 – 1200 CE] Pilgrimage Church Increased size of nave and side aisles Added transepts Reliquaries / Relics Radiating chapels Rounded arches Barrel vault / Groin vault Masonry vaults Buttressing Tympanum Cloister Stone sculpture revived Christ as last judge (pantokrator) Regional Styles (cf. France, Italy, & England)

10. Abbot Suger • Pilgrimage cont. • venerate relics • Cathedral • High elevation • Regional Styles • (cf. France, Italy, & England) • “Court style” of Louis IX • Flamboyant • Perpendicular Gothic [1140 – 1500 CE] Pointed arch Stained Glass [Lux nova] Clerestory / Triforium Lancets Rose windows Flying buttressing Rib vaulting Tracery Jamb sculpture S-curve

11. Proto-Renaissance 1300s [14th century] Italio-Byzantine Proto-Renaissance Modeling International Gothic Style

12. 15th century Northern Europe[1400s] Late Medieval Oil paints Increased naturalism Private devotional imagery Symbols Portraiture

13. Early Renaissance [1400’s / 15th century] Greco-Roman influence Humanism Linear perspective Chiaroscuro

14. Renaissance [1500’s / 16th century] High Renaissance humanism Sfumato Venetian Renaissance Oil on canvas Arcadian / Pastoral Landscape Protestant Reformation / Catholic Counter-Reformation Mannerism [1420s]

15. Northern Renaissance [1500’s / 16th century] Protestant Reformation Woodcut print Italian Renaissance influence (Durer)

16. Baroque Art[1600 – 1750 / 17th century] Protestant Reformation Dutch Baroque Catholic Counter Reformation Dynamic Baroque (Italy/Spain, Flanders) Tenebrism Classical Baroque (France) “”

17. Rococo [1700– 1750 / 18th century] “Rubeniste”

18. The Enlightenment [18th century taste for the “natural”] Industrial Revolution Grand Manor Portraiture The Grand Tour

19. Neoclassicism [1750 – 1850] The Grand Tour Excavation of Pompeii & Herculaneum “Poussinistes”

20. Romanticism [1750 – 1850] “Age of Revolutions” The Sublime Rousseau—”Natural Man” Hudson River School [1820s]

21. Beginnings of Photography [Mid-19th century] Daguerreotype—1839 Calotype—1939

22. Impressionism [1870’s – 1880’s] • En plain air • Salon des Refuses cont. 1874, 1875, & 1886 • Industrialization & Urbanization Bourgeois

23. Post-Impressionism [1880’s] Avant-Garde Expressionism (color) Formal Analysis Pointillism (aka Divisionism) Japonism

24. Symbolism [Late-19th century] Primitive artist “Art for art’s sake” Fin de Siecle

25. Arts & Crafts Movement[Late-1800s] Art based on natural forms Elevation of craftsmanship William Morris

26. Arts Nouveau [1890s] Art based on natural forms Synthesized media Mass-produced

27. Early Modern Architecture “Form follows function” – Louis Sullivan Cast iron Steel (1860) Glass

28. Fauvism [1905] Arbitrary color

29. German Expressionism[1905 – 1914] Die Brucke—1905 DerBlaue Reiter—1911 non-objective / pure abstraction

30. Cubism [1907] Analytical Cubism—1907 Fractured space / Breaking the ‘picture plane” Synthetic Cubism—1912 Collage Armory Show—1913

31. Futurism [1914] Dynamism / Speed / Movement Progress war as cultural cleansing

32. Dada[1917] Post-WWI nonsensical view of life chance Ready-made photomontage

33. Surrealism [1930s] Sigmund Freud / Subconscious fantasy / dreams Naturalistic Surrealism Biomorphic Surrealism Automatism

34. Suprematism[1915] Nonobjective “Pure feeling”—supreme reality through pure feeling

35. Constructivism [1920s]

36. de Stijl[1917] “pure plastic art”—universal reality Primary colors Primary values

37. The Bauhaus[1920s] Anticipate 20th century needs Strong basic design Embrace industry and mass-production Artist = Craftsman

38. Modernist Architecture [20th century] International Style [1930s] Prairie Style [early-20th century]

39. Depression Era art[1930s]

40. Regionalism [1930s] Nostalgic view of mid-Western American heritage during the Great Depression Establish an American identity

41. Mexican muralists [1930s]

42. Post WW II Expressionism [1945 – 1950s] Imagery Expressionism

43. Abstract Expressionism [1950s] Modernist Formalism Gestural Abstraction [Action painting] process Chromatic Abstraction

44. Post-Painterly Abstraction [1960s] Color field painting Hard-edge painting

45. Minimalism [1960s]

46. Site-Specific Art[1960s] Earth art / Land art / Environmental art

47. Performance Art[1960s] John Cage Happenings

48. Conceptual Art[1960s] Art as idea

49. Pop Art[1960s] Popular culture / mass media

50. Post-Modernism [1970’s - now] Post-Modern Architecture Deconstructivist Architecture Neo-Expressionism [1980s] Post-Modern Critique Issues of Race Issues of Gender Critique of Commodity Culture Critique of Art