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Ancient Near East

Ancient Near East. 3500 B.C.E. - 331 B.C.E. Greater Gods & Goddesses of the ancient near east. Anu (chief deity of Sumerians) - god of the sky Enlil (son of Anu ) – lord of the winds and the earth Inanna /Ishtar - Sumerian goddess of love / war Utu (later known as Shamash) – Sun god.

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Ancient Near East

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  1. Ancient Near East 3500 B.C.E. - 331 B.C.E.

  2. Greater Gods & Goddessesof the ancient near east • Anu(chief deity of Sumerians) - god of the sky • Enlil(son of Anu) – lord of the winds and the earth • Inanna/Ishtar - Sumerian goddess of love / war • Utu(later known as Shamash) – Sun god

  3. Key Ideas • Birth of art in the service of state/religion • Mud-brick buildings faced with tile, stone, or painted • Buildings created for religion • Ziggurats • large stele to commemorate achievements of rulers • Guardian figures (hybrids of man/animal) • Some of the first narrative works of art • Crenellations

  4. Innovations of the Ancient Near East • Writing (cuneiform) • Cities • Organized religion • Organized government • Laws • Agriculture • Bronze casting • And, of course, THE WHEEL!!!!

  5. Sumerian Art Tell Asmar Statues, c. 2700 B.C.E., limestone,alabaster, gypsum, Iraq. (slide in class) • Votive figures represent mortal humans, statues blessed by priests • Different heights – hierarchy of scale • Hands folded in prayer with twisted pinky • Huge eyes in reverence of deity • Males: bare-chested / Females: dress draped over one shoulder

  6. Standard of Ur, c. 2600 B.C.E., panel with shell, lapis lazuli, limestone. hierarchy of scale: king is tallest figure; bodies in profile while shoulders frontal; two sides (war / peace); use of registers

  7. Lyre, c.2600 B.C.E., wood inlay of gold, shell, lapis lazuli.Use of hybrid creatures

  8. Ziggurat, c. 2100 B.C.E., Ur, Iraq.Mud-brick; buttresses create light/shadow pattern; whitewashed; tapers outward to drain water, mountain-like; four corners oriented to compass points; dedicated to moon god Nanna; temple on top

  9. Votive Statue of Gudea, c. 2120, Lagash (Iraq), diorite. • Gudea was governor of Lagash • Votives showed him as embodiment of just rule • Folded hands around vessel with life-giving waters • Sense of calm, piousness • Diorite was expensive – proclaims wealth of owner/importance of subject

  10. Akkadian Art

  11. Victory Stele of Naramsin(Naram-sin), c. 2254 B.C.E., sandstone, Iraq • First deification of ruler • Semitic language • Solar deities are represented by rays of sun, victory is blessed • Horizontal register replaced with wavy groundlines • King Naramsin is tallest figure and wears divine crown – spacial hierarchy of scale • Defeated soldiers beg for mercy

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