Introduction to Integrated Design of Low-Energy Buildings

1. Introduction to Integrated Design of Low-Energy Buildings Professor Svend Svendsen Department of Civil Engineering Technical University of Denmark ss@byg.dtu.dk, www.byg.dtu.dk

2. Integrated Design of BuildingsContent • What is that? • Why and why now? • Benefits • How

3. Integrated Design of BuildingsWhat is that? • Objects: • Building: Envelope and Technical building systems • Performances: • Building services (indoor environment) and energy use • Economy: • Earnings over the life cycle of the building • Optimization: • Maximization of life cycle earnings

4. Integrated Design of BuildingsObjects • Building geometry, envelope and structures: • Shape and orientation of building • Walls, base floor, roof • Windows, curtain walls • Solar shading and daylight control devices • Interior walls, decks, structures

5. Integrated Design of BuildingsObjects • Technical Building Systems (HVAC) • Ventilation system • Heating system • Cooling system • Lighting system • Domestic hot water system • ...

6. Integrated Design of BuildingsPerformances • Building Services • Indoor environment: • Thermal comfort • Atmospheric comfort • Visual comfort (dayligth, view) • Acoustic • Transport: • Horizontal, Vertical (lifts) • Etc.:

7. Integrated Design of BuildingsPerformances • Energy use: • Ventilation (fans, controls) • Heating (of rooms) • Cooling • Lighting • Domestic hot water • Equipment (optional in EPBD*-standards) • (* EPBD: Energy Performance of Buildings Directive)

8. Integrated Design of BuildingsEconomy • Earnings over life cycle of building: • All income: • Payment for space in building • Payment for building services • All expenses: • Initial cost / Capital cost • Operating cost (energy, cleaning, maintenance)

9. Integrated Design of BuildingsOptimization • Maximization of life cycle earnings: • Main uncertainties: • Future cost of energy • Payment for space and building services • Solutions: • Scenarie analysis, • Risk analysis

10. Integrated Design of BuildingsWhy and why now? • Because the society needs: • sustainable development: low-energy buildings • improved indoor environment • improved productivity in the building industry • Because total energy is introduced now in: • the EU-directive on energy performance of buildings • national building codes

11. Integrated Design of BuildingsEPBD: EU-directive on Energy Performance of Buildings • Energy performance based on total energy delivered to the building – except equipment • Total energy requirements in natl. building codes • EPBD implemented 2006 • Energy requirements revised every 5 year • Energy requirements as strong as possible – only limited by the technology and the economy

12. Integrated Design of BuildingsTotal energy - Effect on design The energy performance is influenced by: • Building geometry • Building (Window) orientation • Thermal & optical data of building parts • Type and data of technical building systems: • Ventilation, heating, cooling, dhw-system • Use and operation of building

13. Integrated Design of BuildingsTotal energy - Effect on design Optimization of design of building: • Energy performance as required • Indoor environment as required • Total economy optimized

14. Integrated Design of BuildingsBenefits Integrated design proces benefits: • Easier to fulfill requirements to indoor environment and energy use • Better possibilities for optimization of total economy of building • A possibility for the building sector to improve performance and productivity

15. Integrated Design of BuildingsHow • Listing of the functional requirements of buildings • Preparation of space of solutions • Generating design proposals • Optimization analyses and decision pro-cesses.

16. Integrated Design of BuildingsHow – Focus areas • Aims of the Integrated Design Process: • Stimulate cooperation: • The engineer have to perform parameter analysis and set up a wide space of possible solutions as input to the architectural design • Make the process efficient • Avoid iterations outside the solution space.