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BELLRINGER

Explore the impressive contributions made by the Incas, Mayas, and Aztecs, three early civilizations in Mesoamerica. Learn about their accomplishments, writing systems, and the decline and collapse of their empires.

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BELLRINGER

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  1. BELLRINGER Identify ONE contribution made by the Incas.

  2. Early Civilizations in Mesoamerica Maya, Inca, & Aztec Civilizations

  3. HOW IT ALL BEGAN… • During the Ice Age, prehistoric nomads migrated across the land bridge between Asia & America • During the Neolithic Revolution, these nomads settled into farming villages; Some of which became advanced civilizations

  4. Land Bridge AKA Bering Strait

  5. INCA EMPIRE • The Inca built one of the largest & wealthiest empires in the world • Capital: Cuzco • 1300-1572

  6. INCA EMPIRE • Incan Empire extended more than 2,500 miles • Huge territory covered deserts, mountains, & rain forests • Used terraced mountain- sides & irrigation streams for farming

  7. INCA EMPIRE • Most famous city was Machu Picchu

  8. Machu Picchu

  9. INCA EMPIRE • Accomplishments of the Inca: • Had no writing, but created record system called quipu (knots tied to colored rope) • Built suspension bridges • Built 10,000 miles of roads • Math • 1st civilization to harvest potatoes

  10. Decline and Collapse… • Civil war • Disease • Spanish conquest • Francisco Pizarro 1531-1535

  11. MAYAS • The Maya lived in present-day southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, & Honduras • 1800 B.C.-900 A.D. • One of the most advanced civilizations in the world.

  12. MAYAN EMPIRE • Mayanspolytheists; who built large pyramids to honor gods • Offered their blood, food, & sometimes human sacrifices to please the gods

  13. Mayan Empire • Accomplishments of the Mayans: • Developed system of mathematics & number system • Created accurate calendar with 365 days that could accurately predict eclipses • Had exact knowledge of phases of the moon

  14. 12/21/12

  15. Mayan Empire • Developed hieroglyphic-style writing to record astronomical observations, calendar calculations, & historical information

  16. Decline and Collapse… • Overpopulation • Exhausted environment around them • Constant warfare among city-states • Environmental change: intense period of drought

  17. BELLRINGER • Compare the writing system of the Incas and the Mayas.

  18. The Aztec Empire began lasted from 1427 to 1521 (conquered by Spanish conquistadors) The capital, Tenochtitlán, was located on the present-day site of Mexico City AZTEC EMPIRE

  19. AZTEC EMPIRE • The Aztecs were founded by the Mexica, (came from west Mexico) • Legend predicted the Mexicans would find a great civilization where they saw an eagle perched on a cactus growing out of a rock • Aztec civilization was created on Lake Texcoco—strategic with abundant food supplies & waterways for transportation

  20. When captured by Spanish conquistadors, Tenochtitlán was possibly the largest city in the world

  21. Aztec Empire • Farming was the basis of the Aztec economy, but land was not large enough to produce enough food for the population; Aztecs created chinampas (floating gardens), by putting mud on huge mats made of woven reeds & placed them in lake—farmed on soil on these “farms”

  22. Aztec Empire • Aztec were excellent warriors who expanded their empire by conquering their neighbors • Aztecs were the “people of the sun”who honored many gods, especially sun god; used human sacrifices to keep the gods happy—victim’s heart was removed & priest ate flesh as sign of respect

  23. Decline and Collapse… • Spanish conquest • Hernan Cortes (1521)

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