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The Cold War

The Cold War. Setting the Context. 1945-1989 THE COLD WAR. 1930’s DEPRESSION ERA. 1940’s WORLDWAR II. United States & USSR ally to defeat Hitler. Lead Up to the Cold War. Where the Americans and Soviets really friends during WWII?

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The Cold War

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  1. The Cold War

  2. Setting the Context 1945-1989 THE COLD WAR 1930’s DEPRESSION ERA 1940’s WORLDWAR II

  3. United States & USSR ally to defeat Hitler

  4. Lead Up to the Cold War • Where the Americans and Soviets really friends during WWII? • After the War, what did the U.S. have that made Stalin nervous and distrustful of the U.S.? • How did Stalin get it? • Did the Americans and Soviets leave Germany immediately after WWII?

  5. Post WWII Changes: A NEW WORLD DIVIDED The world was transformed after World War II. Western Democracies Eastern Soviet Communist Bloc • The West • Leader: United States • Governments: Democratic • Economies: Free Market Capitalism • The Eastern Bloc • Leader: USSR • Governments: Dictatorial • Economies: Marxist/Communist

  6. The Eastern Bloc • Stalin wanted to “buffer zone” between the Soviet Union and Europe to prevent another invasion of the Soviet Union in the future. • Stalin installs pro-Soviet communist governments loyal to the USSR (Soviet Satellite States) • Non-Democratic/Few freedoms

  7. Churchill: THE IRON CURTAIN March 5, 1946: Churchill delivers a speech where he attacks the USSR for creating an “iron curtain

  8. The Iron Curtain: Division in Europe between Western Democracies & Eastern Communist Nations Europe DIVIDED. Soviets control east. America leads west.

  9. Iron Curtain was Ideological! • Represented the ideological division of Europe between Democracy & Communism • NOT an actual curtain made of iron!

  10. Post WWII Changes: A NEW WORLD DIVIDED The world was transformed after World War II. Western Democracies Eastern Soviet Communist Bloc • The West • Leader: United States • Governments: Democratic • Economies: Free Market Capitalism • The Eastern Bloc • Leader: USSR • Governments: Dictatorial • Economies: Marxist/Communist

  11. What was the U.S.’s greatest fear about the Soviet Union & Communism? That it would SPREAD! (USSR would expand and make more countries Communist)

  12. George Kennan • American diplomat, & expert on the Soviet Union • Wrote that Soviet Union was expansionist & at war with Capitalism & Democracy • Argued that Soviet Communism had to be resisted so that it could not expand (“containment”)

  13. Kennan’s idea is adopted by President Truman

  14. TRUMAN DOCTRINE • U.S. policy was to CONTAIN Soviet Communism where it currently was and NOT let it expand. • United States would send money or the military to countries that were threatened by the Soviets and would help support them to stay free and democratic.

  15. REMEMBER! TRUMAN DOCTRINE = CONTAINMENT

  16. Truman on the Truman Doctrine “I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way. I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes.”

  17. Would have given USSR control of Greece Civil War in Greece between government & Communists revolutionaries

  18. Policy ofContainmentin Action U.S. sends over $400 million in military/economic aide to Greece. Democracy wins! Soviet Communism looses!

  19. Europe (after WWII) in ruins • Cities and farms destroyed • Europeans in poverty • What did U.S. fear might happen?

  20. Feared Communism might spread to Western Europe!

  21. Marshall Plan • U.S. program to help REBUILD western Europe after WWII. • 1948-1951: U.S. spends $13 Billion to rebuild factories, farms, homes, and provide food to Europeans. • HELPED FIGHT COMMUNISM BY MAKING WESTERN EUROPE PROSPEROUS AND SUPPORTIVE OF U.S. & DEMOCRACY!

  22. Marshall Plan Flour 1948: Bags of flour are sent from NYC to Austria to relieve food shortages in Austria

  23. EUROPEAN CITIES REBUILT

  24. Turn to page 821 Read about the CRISIS IN BERLIN

  25. Germany Divided in 4 Zones Berlin

  26. The Soviets Response to Democracy in Berlin – June 1948 Soviet’s BLOCK & STOP all traffic going into West Berlin! Cut off 2.1 million West Berliners from food & coal

  27. Stalin’s Intent Push the U.S., Britain & France OUT of Berlin . . . So the Soviets could have COMPLETE CONTROL of Berlin

  28. HOW DOES AMERICA RESPOND?

  29. Truman Sends in the Planes Truman orders a massive AIRLIFT to deliver food & supplies to Western Berlin

  30. Berlin Airlift! From Dec. 1948 – Spring 1949:American fighter planes deliver 7,000 tons of supplies p/day to West Berlin

  31. Stalin Backs Down…Lifts Blockade! • May 12, 1949: Stalin lifts blockade • Shows Americans resolve to not give in to Stalin • Containment in action! • Cold War underway

  32. NATO Western Europe FEARED the Soviet Union and its Red Army

  33. NATO 1949: United States, Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, & the United Kingdom form . . . NATO The North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationA military alliance of the U.S. & Western European nations to protect each member against a Soviet attack.An attack on one NATO member was considered an attack on ALL NATO nations.

  34. Truman signing the North Atlantic Treaty on April 4, 1949

  35. NATO countries

  36. USSR Responds to NATO • May 14, 1955: Soviet Union leads Communist nations to sign… THE WARSAW PACT Alliance between USSR & 8 Communist nations of Easter n Europe to counter NATO. If one “Warsaw Pact” country attacked ..attack against all.

  37. NATO vs. Warsaw Pact

  38. NEXT… You will learn how and where the ColdWar got HOT

  39. KOREAN WAR • Korean Peninsula • 1905-1945: Controlled by Japan • 1945: Allies defeat Japan. Take over Korea.

  40. KOREA DIVIDED BETWEEN SOVIET UNION & USA Line of division

  41. North/South Divide • USSR establishes a communist government in north called the People’s Republic of Korea • United States establishes free democratic Republic of Korea in the south Kim Il Sung Syngman Rhee

  42. Both wanted to reunite Korea Sung: United Communist Korea / Rhee: United Democratic Korea

  43. ATTACK! • June 25, 1950: North Korea crosses 38th Parallel and invades South Korea • The North Korean weapons were from the USSR

  44. WAR Truman decides to defend South Korea . . . Sends troops to fight. Gets the United Nations to agree to fight in Korea. United States fights alongside UN forces. It was called a Police Action and was led by Gen. Douglas MacArthur.

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