Industrialization and Nationalism

1. Industrialization and Nationalism Unit VI Study Guide

2. Part A: Multiple Choice

3. A) publicly owned. B) privately owned. C) owned by labor unions. D) owned by workers. B) privately owned. In a capitalist system, the means of production is:

4. A) domestic system. B) factory system. C) factors of production. D) business cycle. C) factors of production. At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, Great Britain had land, capital, and labor conditions called the:

5. A) stay out of business. B) regulate business. C) hire the unemployed. D) not be an employer. A) stay out of business. According to people who are in favor of the idea of laissez-faire, government should:

6. A) other costs of production. B) whether workers owned their own tools. C) the number of workers available. D) wages for other kinds of work. B) whether workers owned their own tools. Which did NOT help determine workers’ wages under the factory system?

7. A) supply and demand. B) natural law of economics. C) free enterprise system. D) business cycle. D) business cycle. Alternating periods of prosperity and economic decline are known as the:

8. A) James Watt B) Andrew Carnegie C) John Stuart Mill D) Henry Bessemer A) James Watt Who patented the modern steam engine?

9. A) used gasoline as a fuel. B) used a dynamo. C) combined science and technology. D) combined quantum theory with relativity. C) combined science and technology. The Wright brothers’ airplane flew successfully because they:

10. A) sociology B) political science C) archaeology D) anthropology D) anthropology Which social science compares different societies?

11. A) the development of suburbs. B) the growth of the factory system. C) improvements in law enforcement. D) laws requiring education for all children. B) the growth of the factory system. The MOST important cause of the growth of cities was:

12. A) the role of cells in cloning B) the role of cells in disease C) the discovery that all living things are made up of cells D) the knowledge that all cells divide and multiply A) the role of cells in cloning. Which was NOT an advance in biology in the 1800s?

13. A) educated soldiers B) patriotic citizens C) workers who could appreciate culture D) workers who could read and write C) workers who could appreciate culture Which was NOT a goal of public education in the 1800s?

14. A) the five food groups. B) low-calorie foods. C) vitamins and minerals. D) low-fat foods. C) vitamins and minerals. People’s diets were improved by new knowledge about pasteurization, refrigeration, and the use of:

15. A) protect slave traders. B) abolish the monarchy. C) reduce suffrage. D) extend suffrage. D) extend suffrage. The goal of some reforms enacted by British liberals was to:

16. A) modern war. B) civil war. C) guerrilla war. D) total war. D) total war. Targeting both military and civilian resources in war is known as:

17. A) a decree restricting free speech. B) widespread support for a republican government. C) the abdication of Louis Philippe. D) support for a descendant of Charles X. A) a decree restricting free speech. The event that started the French revolution of 1848 was:

18. A) guilty of bribery. B) guilty of adultery. C) falsely accused of spying for Germany. D) falsely accused of covering up a scandal. C) falsely accused of spying for Germany. Alfred Dreyfus was:

19. A) Palestine, Great Britain, and Russia. B) Russian, Great Britain, and Germany. C) Russia, the Ottoman Empire, and France. D) France, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire. C) Russia, the Ottoman Empire, and France. Disputes among which nations led to the Crimean War?

20. A) the Northwest Ordinance. B) a declaration of war. C) an offer to help. D) the Monroe Doctrine. D) the Monroe Doctrine. When Spain tried to regain its Latin American colonies, the United States responded with:

21. A) William I. B) William II. C) Francis I. D) Francis II. A) William I. The Prussian king who became emperor of the German Empire was:

22. A) kept them in farming. B) led to economic security. C) did not solve all problems. D) increased factory wages. C) did not solve all problems. The emancipation of the serfs:

23. A) was a result of a lack of natural resources. B) was a result of government disinterest. C) let the Germans use the best methods and machinery available. D) kept Germany from becoming a great industrial power. C) let the Germans use the best methods and machinery available. The fact that Germany’s industrialization came later than that of Britain and France:

24. A) Austria’s refusal to give up Venice. B) Sicily’s refusal to become part of the new nation. C) lack of a leader accepted by the people of all states. D) tension between the north and the south. D) tension between the north and the south. One problem Italy faced after unification was:

25. A) People’s Will group. B) Populists. C) czar. D) serfs. A) People’s Will group. Terrorism was used by the:

26. A) had many members elected to the Reichstag. B) never achieved much representation. C) supported private ownership of industry. D) supported the actions of the cartels. B) never achieved much representation. The Social Democratic Party:

27. A) the idea that white people stayed in the sun too long. B) the idea that non-Western people needed help from Westerners. C) the amount of luggage that the Europeans brought with them. D) the amount of raw materials that the Europeans sent back. B) the idea that non-Western people needed help from Westerners. The phrase “the White Man’s Burden” refers to:

28. A) France and the Ottoman Empire over Tunis. B) Belgium and France over the Congo. C) the Netherlands and Britain over South Africa. D) Britain and France over the Sudan. D) Britain and France over the Sudan. The Fashoda crisis was a dispute between:

29. A) Suez Canal. B) Strait of Gibraltar. C) pyramids. D) diamond trade. A) Suez Canal. Egypt came under British rule in part because of the:

30. A) Ghana. B) Liberia. C) Senegal. D) French West Africa. B) Liberia. Which West African state remained independent?

31. A) the Suez Canal. B) game hunting in Kenya. C) trade in ivory, rubber, and palm oil. D) South African diamond production. D) South African diamond production. Cecil Rhodes controlled:

32. A) the Suez Canal was built. B) Hindus and Muslims began fighting. C) soldiers rebelled against the British East India Company. D) European princes asked the British to keep order. C) soldiers rebelled against the British East India Company. The British government took control of India when:

33. Part B: Fill in the Blank

34. Name four characteristics of the working conditions in factories. Factories were cold and damp in winter, and steamy in summer; Sanitary facilities were poor; Machines had no safety devices and accidents occurred frequently; No compensation for injured workers; Workers spent 14 hour days, six days a week on the job. Chapter 22

35. Name three characteristics of the assembly line. The system of producing large numbers of identical items is known as mass production; Manufacturers devised the assembly line by which parts were carried from worker to worker; Saved time, energy, and increased production. Chapter 22

36. Name four results of the early reform laws during the Industrial Revolution. Factory Act of 1802 shortened hours in the cotton mills; Factory Act of 1833 extended the law to all textile mills; Children under 9 could not work; Children 9-13 could work 8 hours for 6 days a week; Older children could work for 12 hours a day; 1847 the Ten Hours Act came into force. Chapter 22

37. Name three characteristics of the development of electricity. Industrialization encouraged new sources of power; Electricity was developed in 1870s; Faraday invented the first electric generator; Moving a magnet through a coil wire created an electric current. Chapter 23

38. Name three characteristics of sociology. Is the study of human relationships in society; Auguste Comte was the founder of sociology; Argued that society, like nature, operated by certain laws; Believed sociologists should also follow scientific methods. Chapter 23

39. Name three characteristics in the rise of Romanticism. Literature, music, and art reflected the social and economic change of the Industrial Age; Works were interested in showing how life should be rather than how it was; Reaction against Age of Reason; Known as Romanticism. Chapter 23

40. Name four characteristics of voting restrictions in Britain before the reforms. Before the reforms, voters in Britain had many restrictions; Only property owners could vote; Voted in the open for all to see; Voters could be bribed or intimidated; Catholics, Jews, non-Anglicans couldn’t vote. Chapter 24

41. Name four characteristics of continued expansion in the United States. In 1803 bought Louisiana purchase from Napoleon and doubled size of U.S.; Purchased Florida from Spain in 1819; Texan annexation in 1845; War with Mexico created the Mexican Cession; Treaty of 1846 gave Oregon Territory; 1853 Gadsden Purchase. Chapter 24

42. Name four characteristics of the Revolution of 1848 in France. France erupted in 1848 after Louis Philippe restricted free speech; Rioters took to the streets; National Guard troops were sent in but they joined the rioters; Louis Philippe gave up throne and left for England; Second French Republic was proclaimed; Many reforms took place in France. Chapter 24

43. Name three characteristics that led to the Franco-Prussian War. Bismarck wanted southern states to join his confederation; Edited a telegram which insulted the French; French declared war in July 1870; Southern states united with Prussia and war ended in September. Chapter 25

44. Name three characteristics that led to the resignation of Bismarck. William II became emperor in 1888; Held strongly conservative opinions; Felt Bismarck had too much power; Bismarck resigned in 1890 out of frustration with William and the Socialists. Chapter 25

45. Name three characteristics of Alexander II and the freedom of all serfs. Became czar in 1855; Paid attention to public opinion; Realized his country’s backwardness; Emancipation Edict freed all serfs; Factory owners would benefit from freed serfs. Chapter 25

46. Name four economic motives for imperialism. Industrialization spurred imperialism; After 1850 technology grew rapidly; Industrialized nations needed a lot of raw materials to make products; Did not want to rely on foreign nations; Mass production meant new markets were needed; Rapid population growth accompanied industrialism. Chapter 26

47. Name three characteristics that led to the Fashoda crisis. Sudan was Egyptian colony; Both Britain and France wanted the colony; In 1881 Sudan had a revolution against Egyptian rule; British troops decided to invade Sudan in 1898; Wanted to stop the revolution before the French decided to take the land. Chapter 26

48. Name three characteristics that led to the competition for West Africa Area was center for slave trade; Europeans had slave trading posts along the coast; After the slave trade, the posts were used for other trade goods; Europeans wanted to go inland to control the sources they traded; Liberia was only independent state in the West. Chapter 26

49. Part C: Essay Questions

50. Essay Question • Summarize the ways industrialization changed British society. Discuss changes in agriculture, manufacturing, work, and the organization of business.