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Medical Terminology

Medical Terminology. Dr Rakesh Calton MD. Main Objective: Learn Medical Terminology. New students to Medical Terminology often bewildered by strange spelling and pronunciation. Approximately 75% of Medical Terms are based on either Greek or Latin. The Layman’s Medical Terms…. Enema

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Medical Terminology

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  1. Medical Terminology Dr Rakesh Calton MD

  2. Main Objective:Learn Medical Terminology • New students to Medical Terminology often bewildered by strange spelling and pronunciation. • Approximately 75% of Medical Terms are based on either Greek or Latin

  3. The Layman’s Medical Terms… Enema Not a friend Artery Study of painting G.I. Series Army baseball Impotent Distinguished, well known Terminal Illness Airport sickness Varicose Nearby Seizure Roman Emperor Outpatient Person who has fainted

  4. Medical Terminology Mispronunciations • Barium - What you do when CPR fails. • Benign - What you are after you be eight. • Coma - A punctuation mark. • Morbid - A higher offer. • Urine - opposite of you’re out. • Tablet - A small table.

  5. A study of physiological systems approach to provide principles of medical word building. Provides medical vocabulary including anatomy, physiology, systems, diagnostic testing and pharmacology. This course is appropriate for health science students such as nursing, dental hygiene, paramedics, and physical therapy assisting; as well as medical transcriptionist students.

  6. Course Objectives • Apply basic principles of medical word building. • Correctly pronounce medical terms. • Define common medical terms. • Relate common medical terms to human anatomy and physiology; common disease states, pharmacological categories and diagnostic tests. • Identify the medical terminology in medical record reports.

  7. A Busy Course! • Are you feeling like a lot of information is about to come your way? • The answer is YES.

  8. Medical Dictionary Use Look Up Unfamiliar Terms

  9. 5 Ways to Learn • Saying • Hearing • Seeing • Writing • Thinking

  10. Synopsis: The Word-Building System – Introduction to Word Parts Including Word Roots, Suffixes, Prefixes, Parts of Speech, Plural Formation

  11. Word-building System • Building thousands of words by using a few word parts • There are exceptions also

  12. Word Roots (WR) • Usually derived form Greek or Latin • Frequently indicates a body part • Most medical terms have one or more word roots

  13. Examples of Word Roods

  14. Word Root • The foundation of a word. • Port • Trans/port, ex/port, sup/port • Fix • Suf/fix, pre/fix,af/fix • Gastr • Gastr/itis, Gastr/ectomy, gastr/ic

  15. Combining Forms (CF) • Combining Form (CF) is a Word Root (WR) plus a vowel, usually an “o” • Usually indicates a body part

  16. u a Combining Vowel y e • Adding a vowel (a, e, i, o, u, or y) to a word root to create a combining form allows 2 or more word roots to be joined to form a compound word. It also allows a word root to be joined with a suffix (word ending) to form a word. Vowel makes the term easier to pronounce. • Examples: Cyt/o/meter, micr/o/scope, micr/o/film, micr/o/be, neur/o/spasm, therm/o/meter, micr/o/surgery o i

  17. Combining Form • Word root + vowel = Combining form • Micr/ o = Micr/o Word root Combining vowel combining form • Gastr/o, therm/o, micr/o • Combining vowel = (a, e, i, o, u, or y) • Gastr/ o/ duoden/ -ostomy Word root combining vowel word root suffix

  18. Combining Forms Examples • Cardi/ + o = cardi/o heart • gastr/ + o = gastr/o stomach • hepat/ + o = hepat/o liver • nephr/ + o = nephr/o kidney • oste/ + o = oste/o bone

  19. Combining form (word root + vowel) is usually used to join a word root to a suffix or other root that begins with a consonant. • Combining form + Suffix = Compound Word • Gastr/o duoden/o -scopy = Gastroduodenoscopy combining form combining form suffix compound word

  20. A word root, not a combining form, is used to join a word root with a suffix or another word root that begins with a vowel. • Word root + Suffix = Word • Dermat + itis = Dermatitis word root suffix word

  21. Compound Word • Compound words can be formed when 2 or more word roots are used to build the word. Sometimes word roots are words. • Word root + word root = Compound word • Chicken + Pox = Chickenpox Word root word root compound word • Examples: underage, shorthand, download, brainstem

  22. Compound Word • Compound word can also be formed from a combining form and a whole word. • Therm/o + meter = Therm/o/meter Combining form word compound word

  23. Compound Word micr/o • Micr/o + scope • Micr/o + surgery • Micr/o + meter • Hydr/o + phobia • Hydr/o + cele • Hydr/o + therapy • Microscope • Microsurgery • Micrometer • Hydrophobia • Hydrocele • Hydrotherapy hydr/o

  24. -osis -ic Suffix -itis • Suffix is an ending that follows a word root. • May be in a noun form or an adjective form • Combining form + Word root + Suffix = Compound word • Micr/o + scop + -ic Combining form word root suffix • Examples: therm/o/metr/ic, electr/o/stat/ic, hydr/o/chlor/ic

  25. Suffix • Word root + Suffix = Noun • Anem -ia Anemia • Word root + Suffix = Adjective • Anem -ic Anemic • Suffix may change the part of the speech between a noun and an adjective

  26. Suffix Noun • -osis cyanosis • -ia anemia • -us mucus • -um ilium • -e condyle • -us carpus • -itis arthritis • -sis emesis Adjective • -otic cyanotic • -ic anemic • -ous mucous • -ac iliac • -ar condylar • -al carpal • -itic arthritic • -tic emetic

  27. Suffix • Verbs are words that represent action or a state of being. • The suffixes –ed or –ing added to the word alter the tense of this verb. • Past tense: Vomited, Injected • Present Participle: Vomiting, Injecting

  28. Suffix - Noun • -ism = condition, state, of theory • -tion = condition • -ist = specialist • -er = one who • -ity = quality Examples: • Hyperthyroidism, Darwinism, Mendelism • Contraction, relaxation • Psychiatrist • Radiographer • Sensitivity, conductivity

  29. Suffix - Adjective • -ous = possessing, having, full of • -able = ability • -ible = ability Examples: • Nervous, mucous, serous • Injectable, inflatable • Edible, reducible

  30. Suffix: Singular vs. Plural Greek Singular Suffixes • -on • Spermatozoon, ganglion • -ma • Carcinoma, lipoma • -sis • Crisis, prognosis • -nx • Larynx, pharynx Plural Suffixes • -a • Spermatozoa, ganglia • -mata • Carcinomata, lipomata • -ses • Crises, prognoses • -ges • Larynges, pharynges

  31. Suffix: Singular vs. Plural Latin Singular Suffixes • -a • Vertebra, conjunctiva • -us • Bacillus, bronchus • -um • Bacterium, ilium • -is • Testis Plural Suffixes • -ae • Vertebrae, conjunctivae • -i • Bacilli, bronchi • -a • Bacteria, ilia • -es • Testes

  32. Suffix: Singular vs. Plural Latin Singular Suffixes • -ex • cortex • -ix • Appendix • -ax • thorax Plural Suffixes • -ices • cortices • -ices • appendices • -aces • thoraces

  33. Practice… Singular: • Sarcoma • Diagnosis • Phalanx • Coccus • Calcaneum • Vertex • Cervix • thorax Plural: • Sarcomata • Diagnoses • Phalanges • Cocci • Calcanea • Vertices • Cervices • thoraces

  34. Prefix • Prefix is a word part that goes in front of a word root, changing the meaning of the word. circum- ex- dis- trans- dexa-

  35. Prefix • Ex- + tension = Extension • Ex- + press = Express • Dis- + please = Displease • Dis- + ease = Disease • Im- + plant = Implant • Sup- + plant = Supplant • Trans- + plant = Transplant

  36. Acr/o = Extremities • Acr/o = extremities (arms and legs) • Acr = word root • O = vowel • Acr/o = combining form • Acr/o/paralysis: Paralysis of extremities • Acr/o/cyan/osis: Condition of blue extremities • Acr/o/dermat/itis: Inflammation of skin of the extremities, like red inflamed hands

  37. Megal/o = Enlarged, Large • -megaly = Suffix for “enlarged” • Acr/o/megaly: Enlargement of the extremities • Acromegalic Gigantism = A specific disorder of the body with enlargement of the bones of the hands, feet, and head. • -y = Suffix that means “the process or condition”. Makes a word a noun.

  38. Dermat/o = Skin • -logy = (noun) Study of • -logist = (noun) One who studies • -logos = Greek for study • Dermat/o/logist: The person who specializes in diseases of the skin • Dermat/o/logy: The study of skin • Eti/o/logy: Study of the origin of disease

  39. -itis = Inflammation • Dermat/itis: Inflammation of the skin • i.e. Contact (allergic reaction) dermatitis, or due to infection, inflammation, trauma • Acr/o/dermat/itis: Inflammation of the skin of the extremities

  40. -osis = Condition, Status, Process • Dermat/osis: Any skin condition. (abnormal condition). (noun) • Cyan/osis: Condition of blueness

  41. Cyan/o = Blue, Blueness • Cyan/osis: (noun) Condition of blueness • Cyan/otic: (adj.) Pertaining to a condition of blueness • -tic = adjective suffix for “pertaining to” • Acr/o/cyan/osis: Blueness of the extremities • Cyan/o/derma: Bluish discoloration of the skin

  42. Basic Rule One • A WR (word root) is used before a suffix that begins with a vowel.Scler/ + osis = sclerosis

  43. Basic Rule Two • A combining vowel is used to link a WR to a suffix that begins with a consonant and to link a WR to another WR to form a compound wordcolon/o + scope = colonscopeosteo/ o/ chondr/ itis = osteochondritis

  44. Defining Medical Words • First, define the suffix or ending • Second, define the prefix, or beginning • Third, define the middle

  45. Pronunciation Guidelines • Ae and oe • c and g • e and es • ch • I • pn • ps

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