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The Enlightenment

Explore the intellectual movement in 18th century Europe that led to a revolutionary new perspective. Discover the origins in the Scientific Revolution, the role of French salons and philosophes, and the impact of key Enlightenment thinkers. From deism to the Encyclopédie, uncover the ideas that shaped revolutions and the founding of nations. Learn about religious tolerance, the separation of powers, and the power of individual reason. Join the Enlightenment and have courage to use your own intelligence!

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The Enlightenment

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  1. The Enlightenment An intellectual movement in Europe during the 18th century that led to a whole new world view. Have courage to use your own intelligence!

  2. The Scientific Revolution Enlightenment grew largely out of the new methods and discoveries achieved in the Scientific Revolution

  3. Enlightenment Terms…

  4. The French Salon and the Philosophes • Salons: gatherings for aristocrats to discuss new theories and ideas • Philosophes: French Enlightenment thinkers who attended the salons

  5. The Encyclopédie • Major achievement of the philosophes • Begun in 1745; completed in 1765by Denis Diderot

  6. Deism • Deists believed in God but rejected organized religion • Morality could be achieved by following reason rather than the teachings of the church

  7. Enlightenment Thinkers

  8. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) • English writer of Leviathan • People are naturally wicked • Government must keep order under monarchy • “Without government our lives would be nasty, brutish, and short!”

  9. John Locke (1632-1704) • English writer of Two Treatises on Government • People are source of power • Government must protect our natural rights • “All people have the natural rights, including life, liberty, and property.”

  10. Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755) • French writer of on the Spirit of Laws • Separation of powers “To become truly great, one has to stand with people, not above them."

  11. Voltaire (1694 – 1778) • French philosophe who wrote plays, essays, poetry, books. • Believed in: • Freedom of speech • Religious toleration • Separation of church & state • "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"

  12. Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) • French writer of The Social Contract • Government is an agreement or contract between ruler & people • “No man has any natural authority over his fellow men.”

  13. Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1787) • English advocate for women’s rights: Education • Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman • Strengthen the female mind by enlarging it, and there will be an end to blind obedience.

  14. Results • Revolutions in France, Haiti, & America • Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence • The US Constitution & Bill of Rights

  15. Exit Ticket Mark an E for each statement that is an Enlightenment idea. The best government is a monarchy. Religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism Government powers should be separated to create checks & balances. Christianity is the one true religion. Freedom of the press is important to a society.

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