European Exploration

1. European Exploration

3. Exploradores

4. Los Españoles vienen a Texas • Siguiendo los pasos de Cristobal Colón, Españaempezó a establecercolonias en el Caribe y en Mexico (Nuevo Mundo). Las noticias de riquezastrajo a muchosexploradoreshacia el norte, o sea a Texas. Ahi establecieronunamisión. • Following Columbus’s lead, Spain established colonies in the Caribbean and Mexico. Reports of riches drew the explorers north to Texas where they established a successful mission.

5. CABEZA DE VACA

6. What Happens/¿Que pasó? • 400 hombres empezaron de Florida a Mexico • Pensabanqueseria un viajecorto. • Teniansuficiente comida para quecadaquiencomiera ½ taza de maiz. • Llegó un ¡HURACAN! • Nuncallegaron a Mexico, en lugar de Mexico; llegaron a la costa de Texas en Galveston. • 400 men started out from Florida to Mexico • They thought this would be a short trip. • They had only enough food for everyone to have ½ handful of maize • There was a hurricane! • They never made it to Mexico, instead they (80) ended up in Texas (Galveston Bay).

7. Tenianfrio, estaban sin ropa, muriendo de hambre, no tenian comida, nirefugio. • Se toparon con la Tribu de los Karankawa, quienes les dieronpescado, plantas, raices y nueces. • Cuandoya no recibieron mas ayuda y mas comida de los indígenasKarankawa, se comieron a suscompañerosquehabianmuerto! • They were cold, naked, starving, and had no food, shelter, or clothing. • They met up with the Karankawa Indians who gave them fish, roots, and walnuts. • When they received no more food from the Indians, they ate their shipmates that had died. ¡Los Europeos les dieron enfermedades a los indigenas Matando a mas de la mitad de ellos!

8. THE LONE SURVIVORSLos Sobrevivientes • ¡Solamente 4 personas sobrevivieron (se los 400)! • Cabeza de Vaca y Estavanicofueron los primerosEuropeosqueexploraron el interior de Texas. • Only 4 survived (out of 400)! • Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanicowere the first Europeans to explore the interior of Texas

9. EXPERIENCES OF CABEZA DE VACA • Sobreviviente de la expedicion de Narvaez • Exploropartes de Florida y Galveston, Texas • Fuecapturadopor los indigenasKarankawa • Se escapo y convivió con variastribusindígenas • Trabajocomo “curandero”, intercambiabacosas y trabajocomosirviente • Logróganarse el respeto de los indígenas • Survivor of the failed Nararez expedition • Explored Tampa, Florida and Galveston, Texas • Taken in by the Kawakawas Indians • Escaped and traveled among Indian villages • Worked as a healer, trader, and servant • gained Indians’ respect • First European to Explore the Texas interior

10. Cabeza de Vaca • He also wrote about his life with the Native Americans in a work of literature called La relacion. • This was the first written work of Texas literature.

11. Cabeza de Vaca • The survivors from the 1528 hurricane beached at Galveston Bay and were helped by Karankawas. • Six years later only four men were alive, two of which were Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico.. • He and his men became the first Europeans to see the interior of Texas.

12. CORONADO

13. THE CORONADO EXPEDITION • Set out in 1540 for Spain • Crossed the Texas Panhandle and the Llano Estacado • Was looking for Cibola and Quivira – cities of gold • Learned there was no gold; only Pueblo villages • Saw American buffalo

14. RESULTS OF THE CORONADO AND DE SOTO EXPEDITIONS • Met the Texas Indians but did not find gold • Coronado – explored the American Southwest and encountered Indians • DeSoto – explored the American Southwest; encountered the Caddo Indians

15. Expedition Goals Results Fray Marcos & Estevanico (1539) Coronado (1540) De Soto– Moscoso (1539) find seven lostcities of gold Estevanico—reached a Zunivillage and was killed; FrayMarcos—saw village from afar and reported it was filled with gold and treasure conquer Cibola; gain its treasure conquered Zuni village; crossed Texas Panhandle in search of Quivira; did not find any gold or treasure conquer Cibola; gain its treasure explored what is now the south-eastern United States and East Texas; sailed to Mexico; did not find any gold or treasure

16. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado • Coronado was commissioned to find the legendary Seven Cities of Cibola. They were believed to have GOLD. Coronado and his men became the first Europeans to see West Texas

17. SPANISH EXPLORATION IN TEXAS Effects on Spain Effects on American Indians • established a claim to Texas • gained knowledge about land and people of Texas • gained new plants and animals from the Americas • gained a buffer zone between Spanish settlement and American Indians/Europeans to the north • lost equine military advantage • conflict with Texas Indians • gained new plants and animals from Europe, such as horses • rise of a Plains Indian horse culture • Plains Indians’ fighting and hunting abilities increased by horses • many Texas Indian deaths from European diseases • conflict with the Spanish

18. SPANISH EXPLORERS: 1519–1598

19. EFFECTS OF SPANISH EXPLORATION • Established a claim to Texas • Gained knowledge about land and people of Texas • Gained new plants and animals from the Americas • Obtained a buffer zone between Spanish settlement and American Indians/Europeans to the north

20. SPAIN PROFITS FROM ITS TEXAS EXPLORATION • Established a claim to Texas • Gained knowledge about land and people of Texas • The Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange – term describing the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and other continents since the time of Columbus

21. THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE AND ITS EFFECT ON INDIANS • Positive – led to a transfer of plants, animals between the Indians and Spanish • Negative – led to the spread of diseases from Europe to the Americas

22. La Salle

23. The La Salle Expedition • Set out in 1682 for France • Explored the Mississippi River and Gulf of Mexico • La Salle get lost and ended up in Texas • Set up a settlement in Texas • Name the area around the Mississippi River… Louisiana

24. The French Explore Texas • The international competition for land in the New World was intense. • In 1682 La Salle claimed the Mississippi River and the surrounding land (dependent on the river) for France. • He called it La Louisiane (Louisiana). • They wanted to compete with Spain’s quest for riches and control trade.

25. Fort St. Louis • La Salle established the first French colony in Texas on the Lavaca River. • The colony had trouble from the beginning because they lost valuable supplies at sea. • They were helped for a while by the Indians, but fighting soon broke out.

26. Why did the Natives turn against LaSalle and his men? • The Native Americans found the supplies that washed up on shore after La Belle sank. • The French took the supplies back without asking for them or explaining what happened.

27. Fort St. Louis • La Salle tried to find a way back to the Mississippi River, but was unsuccessful. • Many of his men died. • In 1687 La Salle tried to go home. He took 17 of the 20 survivors with him. • On the ship, the men plotted against him and he was killed. • Spanish explorers found the bodies of the remaining French colonists who had been killed by the Indians.

28. FRENCH AND SPANISH CLAIMS ON NORTH AMERICA, 1682–1688

29. Europe Eyes the Americas Columbus came to the New World looking for gold and a new trade route to Asia. Although he found neither, his four voyages inspired others to seek their fortunes in the Americas. The French Explore Texas Spain’s claims on Texas lands prompted France to establish a colony of its own. Although La Salle’s Texas colony did not survive, France’spresence renewedSpain’s interest insettling Texas. Spanish Explorers Come to Texas Following Columbus’s lead, Spain established colonies in the Caribbean and Mexico. Reports of riches drew the explorers north to Texas where they established a successful mission.

30. Consequences for the Native Americans www.rangerdj.com/ clipart/indian/indian.jpg • Native Americans lived in Texas long before the Europeans explored there. • The arrival of the Spanish and French explorers to Texas brought Native Americans severe consequences. • Diseases such as smallpox killed thousands of Native Americans.