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Bacteria & Viruses

Explore the structures, shapes, reproduction, and variations of bacteria; types of bacterial diseases, causes, treatments; distinction of nonliving viral pathogens, ways viruses cause diseases, viral treatments through vaccines & anti-viral drugs.

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Bacteria & Viruses

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  1. Bacteria & Viruses

  2. Bacteria – Structure • Prokaryotic single cells • Shapes • Sphere (cocci), Rod (bacilli), or Spiral (spirilli) • Organization • Often clusters (staphylo-) or chains (strepto-)

  3. Shapes of Bacteria

  4. UNDERSTANDING CHECK

  5. Staphylococcus epidermidis

  6. MRSA

  7. Streptococcus pyogenes

  8. Bacillisanthracis

  9. Bacteria - Structure • Eubacteria have cell walls • Gram negative have 2nd cell wall • Gram positive do not • Negative = no antibiotics • Movement • Many have flagella

  10. Bacterial Reproduction • Binary Fission – happens QUICKLY!

  11. Bacteria -Variations • Obligate anaerobes • Clostridium botulinum • Facultative anaerobes/aerobes • E. coli • Obligate aerobes • Tuberculosis

  12. Bacteria – Obtaining Nutrients • Autotrophic • Photosynthetic (Cyanobacteria) • Chemosynthetic (Methanogens) • Heterotrophic • Parasitic (Tuberculosis) • Decomposers

  13. Uses of Bacteria • Beneficial • Decomposers • Manufacture of food – yogurt, cheese, pickles • Pathogens – disease-causing • Food poisoning

  14. Bacterial Diseases

  15. What causes diseases? • Francesco Redi – Spontaneous Generation - 1665

  16. Robert Koch

  17. Pasteur – Germ Theory

  18. Transmission of Diseases • Airborne • Water • Direct contact • Vectors - transmitters of disease that carry the pathogens from one host to another

  19. Treating Bacterial Diseases • Antibiotics • 1928 Fleming – penicillin mold toxic to bacteria • Antibiotic Resistance • Not all bacteria die from antibiotics • People don’t finish prescription • Over-prescribed

  20. VIRUSES • NONLIVING pathogens • Do not metabolize, grow, or maintain homeostasis • Structure – RNA or DNA with protein capsid

  21. Appearances of Viruses

  22. Viral Diseases

  23. More Viral Diseases

  24. How do viruses cause disease? • Rely on living cells (hosts) for replication • Insertion of either the entire virus or just the DNA into the host cell

  25. How do viruses cause disease? • Some viruses turn the cell into a virus making factory, bursting the cell with new viruses • Other viruses replicate slowly and can lay dormant before take-over

  26. Example of viral take-over • CLICK!

  27. Treating Viral Diseases • Vaccines – inject dead or weak virus so the body can form antibodies • Edward Jenner – 1800s - smallpox • Anti-viral drugs – try to disable replication in some way

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