Climate Change Adaptation for Sustainable Livelihoods in the Agricultural Sector: the case of Bangladesh Selvaraju Ramas

1. Climate Change Adaptation for Sustainable Livelihoods in the Agricultural Sector: the case of Bangladesh Selvaraju Ramasamy Environment, Climate Change and Bioenergy Division FAO, Rome

2. 600 40 Rainfall (mm) ET (mm/month) Tmax(°C) Tmin (°C) 35 500 30 400 25 300 20 Temperature (°C) Rainfall / ET (mm) 15 200 10 100 5 0 0 Jul Nov Jan Jun Apr Oct Mar Feb Dec Aug Sep May Drought Prone Areas in Bangladesh Rabi– KarifI KarifII Rabi Seasons

3. Analytical Framework Assessments Outcomes/interventions Livelihood profiles and assets Local risk perception and coping strategies Awareness raising & Advocacy Inter- ministerial coordination • Hazard risk mitigation and climate adaptation (options) • Institution Building (entry point DRM) • Agricultural technology diversification • Better integration of hazard risk management rehabilitation-development efforts • Enhanced Climate Forecast Applications • Livelihood enhancement or diversification • Gender sensitive adaptation Climate change scenarios and anticipated risks Impacts of climate variability and change Risk Analysis Enabling and disabling institutions and support services Hazard and vulnerability analysis and monitoring • Capacity building • Legislation, standards setting • Training of key stakeholders • Policy advice

4. Future Climate Change: downscaling scenarios Source: National communication DoE, BGD, 2002 Agarwala et al., 2003

5. Strengthening Institutional set-up MoA- DAE Operational Structure MoFDM Operational Structure DAE – Technical CoreGroup DMB NTIWG DMB, DAE, BMD, DRR, LI, DoE District Deputy Director District DMC National expert advisory group Upazilla DMC Upazilla Ag. Officer UTIWG DAE: Department of Agriculture Extension DMC: District Disaster management Committee DMB: Disaster Management Bureau NTIWG: National Technical Implementation Working Group Union DMC Sub-Assistant Ag. Officer Project officers Community/Farmer Groups/Associations/Local Facilitation Team

6. Typology of adaptation options in AG/LI, FI and FO • Agronomic management • 2. Water harvesting and exploitation • Water Use efficiency • Crop intensification • 5. Alternative crop enterprises • 6. Post harvest practices

7. Seasonal planning for implementation of options • Pre-seasonal good practice identification and validation meeting (Clearing house mechanisms) to decide on new good practices for demos and on replications • seasonal working plans before each cropping season for immediate implementation

8. Community Mobilization and Field Demonstration • Awareness raising • cultural programmes for awareness creation of local people about climate change adaptation • Extension strategies • orientation meetings, farmer field schools, folk songs and drams, demonstration rally, exchange visits • Mobilization of local community • Farmer Groups • Local facilitation Team (LFTs)

9. Capacity Building i) Climate risk and impact analysis • climate risk analysis methods • climate change impacts ii) Climate forecast applications for drought mitigation • introduction to forecast products • Application of weather and climate forecast products • Available adaptation options in Agriculture • viable adaptation options • Prioritized adaptation options and methods of implementation

10. Integration of climate forecasts to enhance adaptive capacity Providing climate outlook Interpreting global climate outlook into local outlook Translating local climate outlook into impact scenarios Communication to/ from farmers

11. Complementary adaptation measures • Physical adaptive measures • Livelihood enhancement • Income diversification • Strengthening community • as well as formal • institutional structures • Financial mechanisms for risk transfer • public private partnerships

12. Testing of locally selected adaptation options Mini pond for supplementary irrigation during drought spells Homestead gardening

13. Testing of locally selected adaptation options Dry seedbed practice with minimal supplemental irrigation Jujubi (Ziziphus jujuba) was considered as a potential alternative option to existing autonomous mango cultivation

14. Improving Livelihood Adaptation to Climate Change Stakeholder engagement and feedback Up-scaling and mainstreaming Advocacy, broader awareness raising and networking Economic feasibility studies Advocacy, broader awareness raising and networking Designing local adaptation strategies Economic feasibility studies Field based demonstration and application of adaptation options Validation and selection of adaptation options Identify suitable adaptation options and extension methods Identification and testing Adaptation options Institutional and technical capacity building Community mobilization and local awareness raising Identification of adaptation options including local technologies Future climate impact assessment & outlooks Assessing future risks Local agro-meteorological data collection and monitoring Downscaling climate change scenarios Assessing natural, socio-economic and institutional framework Assessing current vulnerability Assessing current climate risks Livelihood assessment & profiling Assessing local perception on risks to be addressed in second phase of LACC Adaptation Framework

15. Key Lessons: Entry points • Current climate variability and DRM • Awareness raising • Doing better on known sustainable land and water management practices • Indigenous knowledge and no regret options

16. Key Lessons • Climate change further declines the adaptive capacity - need to launch adaptation measures now. BUT HOW to work in a relatively uncertain state; • Climate Change Adaptation is location specific and social learning process – learning how to adapt better; • Strengthening institutions with clearly determined responsibilities • DRR, climate change adaptation and development goes together at the local level • strengthening research-development linkages to address the future risks • Community based adaptation links bottom up livelihood perspectives and government led top down approaches • monitoring on-going adaptation practices, alert on risks of mal-adaptation, and establish links with policy making • promote public – private partnership to support inputs

17. THANK YOU