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World War II

World War II. 1939-1945. http://www.historyonthenet.com/Lessons/worksheets/ww2.htm. Hitler’s Lightning War. Germany used “Blitzkrieg” – or lightening war Planes bombed airfields, factories, towns, etc. Then tanks and troops roared into the country

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World War II

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  1. World War II 1939-1945 http://www.historyonthenet.com/Lessons/worksheets/ww2.htm

  2. Hitler’s Lightning War • Germany used “Blitzkrieg” – or lightening war • Planes bombed airfields, factories, towns, etc. • Then tanks and troops roared into the country • Motorized high speed “keep enemy off balance

  3. Poland was conquered within a month • Soviet forces took control of • Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and part of Finland

  4. 1939-1945 1939-1945

  5. Invasion of Poland • Two days later Britain & France declared war • So begins the phase of the war called the “phony war” • Coalition Forces wait at the “impenetrable defensive barrier”Maginot Line where all was quiet • Why did the Allied forces not go on the offensive?

  6. Maginot Line http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-in-hd/interactives/inside-wwii-interactive

  7. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/launch_ani_fall_france_campaign.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/launch_ani_fall_france_campaign.shtml European Nations Continue to Fall Miracle of Dunkirk • Germans pushed all French/British troops to the coastline • British sent an improvised armada to rescue trapped soldiers in France • April 1940, launched blitzkrieg against: • Norway • Denmark • Netherlands • Belgium http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FddKPGE19wA&feature=relmfu

  8. France Falls to Axis Powers • Germany heads toward Paris! • Benito Mussolini of Italy put his Pact of Steel with Hitler into action • Italy declared war against France and Britain on June 10 • June 22, 1940 – French surrender • a new government formed by Marshal Philippe Petain (France's hero of World War I) requested an armistice • France was divided into two zones, one under German military occupation and the other under Petain's government (south) • Petain’s government was Hitler’s “puppet” • Becomes known as Vichy France

  9. France (cont.) • Charles de Gaulle – French general, set up a government in exile in London. • Committed to re-conquering France. • Organized Free French military who battled the Nazis until France was liberated in 1944.

  10. WWII Technology • Air power takes prominent role • Luftwaffe- German air force • Parachute troops role increases • Tanks were much improved from WWI • Deadlier bombs • Radar – to detect planes • Sonar – to detect submarines http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gi7mcJCOWp4

  11. Operation Sea Lion • Hitler now turned his attention to Britain, • invasion (Operation Sea Lion) German planes bombed Britain throughout the summer of 1940 • including night raids on London and other industrial centers

  12. The Battle of Britain • Known as the “London Blitz” • 8/12/1940 – air attacks on southern England • Germans bombed London for 57 nights • Considered a failure because British did not quit • Continued until May 10,1941 • The Royal Air Force (RAF) eventually defeated the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) • Hitler turns his attention out of Britain onto the Eastern Front

  13. Winston Churchill What is Churchill’s prediction if they lose to the Nazi army? -End of the free world Prime Minister who rallied Britain to fight against Nazi aggression “voice of calm” Britain began receiving crucial aid from the U.S. under the Lend-Lease Act, passed by Congress in early 1941. Churchill rallies the British http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-in-hd/interactives/inside-wwii-interactive

  14. Damages from the London Blitz http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo

  15. Damages from the London Blitz http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/world_war2/

  16. Damages from the London Blitz

  17. Damages from the London Blitz

  18. The Mediterranean and the Eastern Front • Hitler’s goal: continue expanding German property…. • East of the Balkans • Mediterranean Sea • SOVIET UNION

  19. North Africa • Mussolini takes North Africa in September of 1940 while the Battle of Britain was going on. • Attacked British controlled Egypt. • Egypt’s Suez Canal near Cairo = key to reaching oil fields of the Middle East • Britain strikes back in December and by February 1941 • Italy needs help…

  20. Hitler lends help to Mussolini • Germans come in with the AfrikaKorps • German expeditionary force in Libya and Tunisia • its first commander Erwin Rommel “Desert Fox” • Seize Tobruk (Libya)= loss for the Allies http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=107BDA7D-6E12-4F41-9E4C-7D21F651A6CC

  21. The Nazi Empire Continues to Grows • These nations mostly devote resources and political alliance to the Nazis • They deport Jews to Poland • The employ secret police forces • They become puppet governments The Axis power grows.. • Bulgaria • Hungary • Romania • Greece and Yugoslavia had pro-British governments • Resist Hitler • Hitler invades them

  22. Operation Barbarossa! • 1941 go get the USSR!!! • The Soviet Union was their allies…Why invade? • Plentiful Soviet resources! • Stalin had the largest army in the world but it wasn’t prepared! • 3 million Germans caught Stalin’s 5 million unprepared • Soviets retreated • Used “torch-earth policy”

  23. 1941 • Nazis invade the Soviet Union • Jewish population of 3 million • Hitler issues infamous “Commissar Order” • SS Einsatzgruppen follow advance of German Army “Liquidate all Communist officials you encounter!

  24. SS “Special Action Groups” organized in early years of war by Reinhard Heydrich Heydrich organized 4 large groups (A,B,C,D) in Soviet Union Competition between group leaders to see who could kill the most Jews 1,300,000 Russian Jews killed by end of war by these “mobile killing units” Einsatzgruppen

  25. EINSATZ AREA OF OPERATIONS

  26. German’s surrounded Leningrad • Starved them • USSR lost 2.5 million troops • Next moved towards Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union! • Germans were halted by Russia’s cold weather October 1941 • Germany fails to take Moscow! • Germans want oil fields in the Caucuses “Liquidate all Communist officials you encounter!

  27. capital oil

  28. America Gets Involved • End of Neutrality Acts • Lend-Lease Act (1941) • Selling or lending of war materials to countries “Vital to US defense” • United States of America supplied Britain, Soviet Union, China, Free France, and other Allied nations • Atlantic Charter (Aug. 1941) • FDR and Churchill agree on: • Free trade and the right of people to CHOOSE their government • “Final destruction of Nazi tyranny”

  29. The Days tHAT Shook The World • 43 min Dunkirk • 49 min Pearl Harbor • 52 min Afrika Campaign • 55 min Battle of Stalingrad • 58 min D-day • 1 hour France is free • 1 hour 4 min The Big Three Meet- agree invasion of mainland Japan • 1 hour 7 min Germany surrenders • 1 hour 11 min – May 13 1945 Churchill proclaims war is over • 1 hour 13 min- July 16 1945 Robert Oppenheimer tests atomic bomb • 1 hour 19 min- dropping of the atomic bomb in Japan • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=7FA4128B-D776-4C5E-BC2B-91AE1AE844A3

  30. Japan Attacks; Pearl Harbor (Day of Infamy) • America controlled Philippine Islands and Guam • Japan had successfully grabbed Manchuria, China and beyond…plans to take Southeast Asia • http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-in-hd/interactives/inside-wwii-interactive Japan invades • America sends aid to China • 1940 FDR bans the sale of iron, steel and airplanes to Japan

  31. Tripartite Pact : Japan joins Axis on September 27, 1940 • Japan felt that the US was interfering in their plans to expand • Naval strategist Isoroku Yamamoto plans • 12/7/1941 – Japan surprise attacks American fleet @ Pearl Harbor (Hawaii) 2,400 deaths • US declares war on Japan (12/8/1941) • Germany, Italy declare war on US four days later!

  32. Pearl Harbor

  33. Total War! • Factories stopped making cars & refrigerators & made planes & tanks • Shoes and sugar were rationed • Use of propaganda • War ended unemployment of the depression • Japanese people in US and Canada • Lost their jobs and property • Forced into internment camps • Seen as a security risk

  34. US Propaganda Anti - German

  35. US Propaganda – Anti - Japanese

  36. US Propaganda Anti - Japanese

  37. War Bond Advertisements

  38. “Do your part” Campaign

  39. No room for debate

  40. Nazi anti-British & American propaganda

  41. British anti-Nazi propaganda

  42. British anti-Nazi propaganda

  43. Japan aggravates other nations • Strikes towards the British and Dutch • Seize Hong Kong • Invades Malaysia • Singapore surrenders • Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)-- [rich in resources] • Burma • Other Strikes towards the United States • Seize Guam and the Wake Island in western Pacific • Attack on the Philippines to march into capital Manila

  44. Battle of Midway • June 1942 • Midway Islands= West of Hawaii • Home to a key American airfield • Japanese secret plan to capture • The U.S. would make sure the Japanese Navy would reach no further • Over 150 Japanese ships head towards American ships • Japan strikes first • Marked the beginning of “Island Hopping” • The recapture some islands while bypassing others • Yamamoto himself on the largest ship • U.S. Pacific Fleet took down 332 planes, all 4 aircraft carriers • Yamamoto withdraws! • retreats http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=CE0D53F2-C9EC-4DAF-A728-0BDFA9355B9D

  45. Island Hopping Bypass heavily fortified Concentrate on striking important weaker points “Leapfrogging”

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