The Missouri Compromise of 1820 & Manifest Destiny

1. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 & Manifest Destiny How did the Missouri Compromise resolve a conflict between the North and South? How did the idea of Manifest Destiny affect Mexicans and Native Americans?

2. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 & Manifest Destiny Westward Expansion and the Consequences it Brings

3. Territory gained: Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819 with Spain (including new southwest border line) Convention of 1818 with Great Britain (including new north border line) U.S. Boundary Settlements, 1818 and 1819 Oregon Country Claimed by U.S. & Britain British Territory Canada U.S. Mexico (New Spain)

4. *In the spirit of Nationalism, the U.S. wanted to expand the country’s borders. *The U.S. and Canada agree on the 49th parallel (latitude) and the boundary between the two countries as far as the Rocky Mountains. *Spain gives up control of Florida and the Oregon Country after tense negotiations. *The U.S. borders now spread from the Atlantic to Pacific oceans.

5. The Missouri Compromise, 1820–1821 Claimed by U.S. & G.B. Oregon Country Claimed by U.S. & G.B. British Territory VT Maine Unorganized Territory NH Michigan Territory NY MA RI PA NJ CT OH IL IN New Spain (Mexico) DE 36°30’ Missouri Compromise Line VA MD Missouri Slave State, 1821 KY NC TN Arkansas Territory SC Free States& Territories AL GA MS Slave States & Territories LA Closed to Slavery by Missouri Compromise Florida Territory Open to Slavery by Missouri Compromise

6. The Debate In the North The South • Wanted to ban slavery in Missouri • Maine, which was a part of Massachusetts, wanted statehood • Worried that free states would have the majority in Congress • Felt that the Constitution did not give Congress the power to ban slavery

7. The Compromise, 1820 • Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, saw an opportunity for compromise. • He suggested admitting Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state, keeping the balance between the number of slave and free states, and the balance of power in Congress • The Missouri Compromise also banned slavery in the Louisiana Territory, north of the 36° 30’ parallel • Thomas Jefferson, at 80, worried that this might destroy the country

8. Manifest Destiny • The belief that America is destined to stretch across the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean • “Our manifest destiny [is] to overspread and possess the whole of the continent which Providence (God) has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and.....self-government.” John O’Sullivan, United States Magazine and Democratic Review • Manifest = clear, obvious

9. The Oregon Trail • By the 1840’s thousands of Americans had moved into the Oregon Territory. • Presidential hopeful, James K. Polk, used the Oregon Territory as a platform for election. His slogan ‘Fifty-four forty or fight!’ referred to the 54° 40’ N latitude. This was the northern most boundary of the Oregon Territory. • Rather than fight, Great Britain and the U.S. settled for the 49th parallel as the northern boundary in 1846. • The border stands today between the U.S. & Canada.

10. The California Gold Rush How did the California Gold Rush affect the growth of our country?

11. California Gold Rush, 1849

12. California Before the Gold Rush After the Gold Rush • 150,000 Native Americans lived there • 6,000 ‘Californios’, of Mexican descent lived there • Controlled by prominent Spanish families • Mexico feared American immigration • 1 Swiss immigrant allowed: John Sutter-his mill is where gold was discovered • 1849-Forty-niners rushed to California in search of gold • People from all over the world immigrated to California in search of gold, about 250,000 • By 1851, one out of every ten immigrants was Chinese • Big cities sprouted up in California • By 1852 the Gold Rush was over

13. Other Changes to the U.S.U.S. Expansion, 1846 - 1853

14. 1873, Levi Strauss invents Sturdy pants to sell to miners. Made of heavy cotton denim, the pockets were reinforced with copper rivets to prevent them from ripping from the weight of heavy tools. Women found that out that their skills for homemaking were needed in California. They made money by feeding miners and opening hotels.