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Mangroves Forests in Pakistan

Mangroves Forests in Pakistan. Mohummad Tahir Qureshi Coastal Ecosystem Expert IUCN - Pakistan. Largest arid climate mangroves in the World Maritime Zone is one of the most productive areas in the world 80 percent of the World’s oil tankers pass through Pakistan water

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Mangroves Forests in Pakistan

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  1. Mangroves Forests in Pakistan Mohummad Tahir Qureshi Coastal Ecosystem Expert IUCN - Pakistan

  2. Largest arid climate mangroves in the World • Maritime Zone is one of the most productive areas in the world • 80 percent of the World’s oil tankers pass through Pakistan water • Government of Pakistan earns 8.8 billion rupees on exports, on an average annually

  3. Coastal & Marine Resource Potential • 90 million tons is the world wide catches of marine fishes per • annum and 0.665 million tons is the catch in Pakistan • About 450 sp: of fish are recorded from Arabian sea and • Pakistan has over 100 sp: • 25 sp: of fish are of commercial importance

  4. Coastal & Marine Resource Potential • Over 150,000 people use about 36,000 tons of mangrove fire wood per month along Pakistan coast. • About 16,000 camels, 4,000-6,000 cows and water buffaloes and 2,500 – 3,000 cattle graze in mangroves.

  5. Distribution of Mangrove Forests along the Coast of Pakistan • Mangrove CategoriesYearArea in Hectares • Dense, normal and sparse • mangroves vegetation 1932 604,870 • Dense, normal and sparse • vegetation 1986 440,000 • Dense, normal and sparse • vegetation 1992 160,000 • Dense, normal and sparse • vegetation 2005 86,000 (approx.) • Source: coastal environmental management plan for Pakistan, UNESCAP, GOP, 1996 • Mangroves of Pakistan – Status & Management, IUCN Pakistan, 2005

  6. Causes of Changes in Mangrove Habitat Scarcity of Fresh Water Average Annual & Seasonal Discharge Volumes Downstream of Kotri Barrage

  7. Causes of Changes in Mangrove Habitat Waste disposal and pollution

  8. Causes of Changes in Mangrove Habitat Marine Pollution Municipal Waste: 104 million gallons/day Industrial Waste: 175 million gallons/day (Tanneries Power Plants, Steel Mills, Harbours, Ports etc ) Oil Pollution: 1.5 million tons/year International Conventions relating to Sea MARPOL 73-78 Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and other Matters Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation Control of Transboundary movement and hazardous waste and their disposal. Laws Relating to Pakistan Pakistan Penal Code 1861 Port Act 1905 Factories Act 1934 Regulating Bodies / Agencies Maritime Security Agency (MSA), Sindh and Balochistan (Environmental Protection Agencies), Port Authorities, Fish Harbour Authorities Source: Karachi Development Authority (2000)

  9. Causes of Changes in Mangrove Habitat • Improper management and over exploitation

  10. Ecological implications of Destruction/Depletion of Mangrove Resources Change in composition of vegetation

  11. Ecological implications of the Destruction of Mangroves Sea Intrusion

  12. Mangrove Rehabilitation in Pakistan Replanting 1987-2008 30,000 hectares Plantation Organizations involved – IUCN-Pakistan, Gwader Development Authority (GDA), Port Qasim Authority, Balochistan & Sindh Forests and Wildlife Deptt, Balochistan Coastal Development Authority, District Govt. Communities Nursery

  13. Re-introduction of 2 mangroves species to increase biodiversity along Balochistan Coast To develop effective methods of rehabilitating degraded mangroves forests, using both artificial and assisted natural regeneration.

  14. Mangroves protective plantation against natural disaster (cyclone, Tsunami) and sand dunes shiftingNew nursery grounds for shrimp and fishes

  15. Awareness Raising & Capacity Building • to raise awareness among the coastal communities, in order to promote sustainable use of mangrove forest • to build the capacity of the Sindh and Balochistan forest departments. • to provide technical back stropping to the agencies responsible for the conservation of mangrove forests.

  16. Apiculture & Ecotourism Alternate source of Income for Coastal Community - Ecotourism Mangrove Walkway -Apiculture Honeybee keeping in Mangrove

  17. Suggestions and Recommendations • Minimum environmental flows should be released • down the Kotri barrage for ecosystem and livelihood • of local population. • The pollution should be treated at source before • discharging into the sea. • Deep sea fishing policy should be developed in • consultation with coastal community. • Government should sanction long term mangrove • forests and fisheries rehabilitation project along the • coast of Pakistan. • Coastal communities should be involved in coastal resource • management at all levels. • Communities should be provided alternatives for reducing • their dependence on mangrove ecosystems.

  18. Thanks

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