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The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution. 1700 - 1900. The Beginnings of Industrialization. Where did it NOT begin? France Years of war Supported the American Revolution. French Revolution. Early 19c  Napoleonic Wars Heavy debts. High unemployment  soldiers returning from the battlefronts.

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The Industrial Revolution

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  1. The Industrial Revolution 1700 - 1900

  2. The Beginnings of Industrialization • Where did it NOT begin? • France • Years of war • Supported the AmericanRevolution. • French Revolution. • Early 19c  Napoleonic Wars • Heavy debts. • High unemployment  soldiersreturning from the battlefronts. • French businessmen were afraid to take risks.

  3. I. The Beginnings of Industrialization • Why did it begin in England in the mid 1500s? • Large population • Many Natural Resources = coal, rivers, harbors • Strong economy= did not suffer war on their land • Strong banking = led to investment • Strong Political System = stability • They had factors of production (land, labor, and capital)

  4. II. Agricultural Revolution • Created Enclosures • New farming and seeding methods = increased production • JethroTull – invented seed drill • Crop Rotation

  5. The Seed Drill JethroTull’s Seed Drill

  6. III. Inventions the Helped Industrialization • Textile Industry (Cloth Production) • Flying Shuttle – John Jay – 1733 • Spinning Jenny – James Hargreaves – 1764 • Water Frame – Richard Arkwright – 1769 • Spinning Mule – Samuel Crompton – 1779 • Power Loom – Edmund Cartwright – 1787 • Factories – Created to house these large machines • Eli Whitney – Cotton Gin – 1793

  7. Flying Shuttle John Kay – 1733 Doubled the amount of yarn a person could produce in a day

  8. Spinning Jenny James Hargreaves – 1764 One spinner could work 8 threads at a time

  9. Water Frame Richard Arkwright 1769 Used water to power machines like the spinning jenny instead of human power

  10. Spinning Mule Samuel Crompton – 1779 Made thread stronger and finer (thinner)

  11. Power Loom Edward Cartwright 1787 Produced more yarn at a faster rate

  12. Factories First build near streams and rivers Built to hold the large machines that were being invented

  13. Cotton Gin Eli Whitney – 1793 American in the south Increased production from 1.5 million to 85 million pounds in

  14. IV. Improvements in Transportation (after improvements in textiles) • Steam Engine – James Watt • First Steam Boat – Robert Fulton “The Clermont” • Canals – Human made water ways in England – mid 1800s – created over 4,250 miles along coast • Paved Roads – John McAdams – Called these new roads Turnpikes because they had to pay a toll/payment

  15. Steam Boat Robert Fulton Made first successful trip in 1807

  16. Canals

  17. First “Paved” Road Roads covered with crushed rocks that allowed for drainage during rainy weather and easier travel Called Turnpikes

  18. Beginning of Railway • 1804 – First use of a steam driven locomotive in England – Richard Trevithick • 1821 – George Stephenson created first railroad system – 27 miles – connected coal fields to a port on the coast

  19. Benefits of Railroad The “Rocket” • Spread of Industrialization • Cheap Transportation • Created new jobs • Improved England’s Ag and Fishing industries • People moved from the country to the cities = growth of cities

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