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Imperialism in Africa. Before Imperialism. Diversity 1,000 languages and groups Various sizes of political bodies (from villages to empires) Christian, Muslim and Traditionalist religions Europeans enter the scene 1450 AD
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Before Imperialism • Diversity • 1,000 languages and groups • Various sizes of political bodies (from villages to empires) • Christian, Muslim and Traditionalist religions • Europeans enter the scene 1450 AD • They only could build forts on the coasts because of disease and strong African armies • Wanted slaves and refueling stations to reach Asia
Explorer Dr. David Livingstone • Goal = “Christianity, commerce and civilization” to Africa • Three trips into Africa (1841-73) • Wrote travel-adventure books about Africa’s beauty and vast natural resources • “Discovered” Victoria Falls
The Scramble for Africa A 33 year period from about 1881 to 1914 when European powers conquered nearly all of Africa.
The Berlin Conference1884-1885 • What: Meeting hosted by Otto von Bismarck, leader of Germany, to make rules for claiming territory in Africa. • Rules created: • Colonies had to be "effectively occupied” (planting a flag does not equal ownership) • Had to defend and administer the area • By 1913, only Ethiopia and Liberia were independent
Imperialism in Africa Case Studies
Opening What happens to people who don’t unite against a common threat?
Let’s look at a few specific case studies of imperialism in Africa
Case Study: The CongoBefore Imperialism • Rain forest, plateau • Early site of iron and copper work • Bantu speaking peoples • Traded in ivory, people for slavery
Case Study: The CongoMotives for Imperialism • Belgian King Leopold II • Economic • Rubber for shoes and gloves, but especially automobile tires • Ivory, iron, copper • Ideological • Claimed he wanted to “end the slave trade”
Case Study: The CongoMethods of Imperialism • Belgian King Leopold II • Enslaved native Africans • Ordered the “Force Publique” to beat, mutilate and kill to meet quotas for rubber and ivory • Millions were killed
Case Study: The CongoAfter Imperialism • Today • Civil war continues • 5 million killed • 45,000 killed per month • Attacks on civilians • Millions of refugees • Child soldiers • Rape used as a method of warfare (200,000 reported) • One of the poorest countries in the world
Closing Considering what happened in the Congo, people should unite against a common threat because…
Opening What happens if you have two plants, but only water one of them?
Case Study: South AfricaBefore Imperialism • Early human sites • United by Shaka Zulu • “Cape of Good Hope” was a key port for Europeans on the way to trade in Asia • Dutch settlers called the Boers arrived in 1652
Case Study: South AfricaMotives for Imperialism • Political Motive • Strategic location • Economic Motives • 1. Diamonds - 1867 • 2. Gold -1886
Case Study: South AfricaMethods of Imperialism • British vs. Zulu (Blacks) • Zulu nearly win with spears and shields! • Zulu lose kingdom (1879) submit to British (1887) • British vs. Boers (Dutch) • Boer War (1899 – 1910) • Racial Discrimination
Case Study: South AfricaAfter Imperialism • Independence from Britain (1910) • Racial Discrimination (1910 – 1948) • Laws restricting voting, housing, property, schooling, jobs… • Apartheid (1948 – 1994) • Segregation of whites, blacks and mixed people ends with Nelson Mandela
Case Study: South AfricaAfter Imperialism • Today • 80% Black • Developing Nation • Economic growth – success story • Huge wealth/income gaps remain between racial groups
Closing Considering what happened in South Africa, people should water all their plants because…
Opening Can someone be forced to change?
Case Study: Ivory CoastBefore Imperialism • Large rich societies • Kong Empire • Gyaaman • Baoule • Islam, traditional religions • Transatlantic slave trade (1500 – 1870)
Case Study: Ivory CoastBefore Imperialism To slavery in the Americas
Case Study: Ivory CoastMotives for Imperialism • Political Motive • France wanted all of West Africa • Ideological • Wanted to make West Africa French • Economic Motive • Natural resources – people for slavery, cocoa, coffee, rubber, and IVORY
Case Study: Ivory CoastMethods of Imperialism • Faster Transportation • Controlled trade on the rivers and in and out of the country’s ports • Assimilation • Forced Africans to learn French language, culture and Christianity
Case Study: Ivory CoastAfter Imperialism • Independence from France (1960) • Official language is French • Islam, Christianity and traditional religions are practiced
Closing Considering what happened in the Ivory Coast, people should not force others to change because…