Imperialism in Africa

1. Imperialism in Africa By Katherine Pitcher, Isabelle Wal, Margaret Doyle, Kait Luncher, Hannah Purvis, Anaca Reed, and Sophia Dettling bestfreeclipart.com; solarfeeds.com

2. Scramble for Africa • 1880-1894—European powers rapidly colonized Africa • King Leopold II hired Sir Henry Stanley to help him acquire land in the Congo Basin • Dr. David Livingstone opened Africa’s interior and spread Christianity and awareness to end slavery. • Advances in transportation, medicine, and military power also contributed http://wfps.k12.mt.us/teachers/carmichaelg/ new_page_34.htm

3. Scramble for Africa: Countries Involved Great Britain: Egypt and dreams of"Cape to Cairo” France: active trade in West Africa Belgium: King Leopold II struggled for land around the Congo River http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/ teachers/curriculum/m9/activity4.php

4. Cape to Cairo–Cecil Rhodes • English financer/businessman • Lived in South Africa • became prime minister of Cape Colony • Dreamed of acquiring British colonies from south to north • Build a railroad from Cape Town to Cairo • Competed against other European powers with similar motives “The Rhodes Colossus” ajdrake.com

5. Cape to Cairo, con’t • France tried to link its colonies from west to east (Senegal to Djibouti) • Lead to the Fashoda Incident and eventual defeat of France • Portuguese also tried to link their colonies • Economic issues kept Britain from building the railroad Map of Africa and European control, 1914 memoryofthisimpertinence.blogspot.com

6. Christian Missionaries • Beginning of 19th century, few people were practicing Christianity, most were practicing Islam • 10,000 missionaries were working at the height of imperialism • Missionaries were spreading Protestant, Catholic, and Anglican branches of Christianity

7. David Livingstone • Important missionary from Scotland • Believed that Christianity could help stop slavery • Traveled from eat to west spreading Christianity to as many people as possible havelshouseofhistory.com

8. Berlin Conference • 1884-1885 • Colonization of virtually all of Africa by European powers • Called together by Otto von Bismarck of Germany • Before, 80 percent of Africa under local rule • Afterwards political boundaries divided Africa into 50 irregular countries wysinger.homestead.com

9. Berlin Conference, con’t • New country boundaries divided coherent groups of people and merged groups that didn’t get along • Congo was originally “neutral” and open to trade • Was then claimed by Belgium’s King Leopold II wysinger.homestead.com

10. Mining in Africa • South Africa is a world leader in mining • Imperialism emerged with the discovery of gold and diamond • Dutch came and utilized Cape of Good Hope as fueling station • British later took over • In order to ensure a profit, British took full power of African labor Africaoil.ning.com

11. Mining in Africa, con’t • Some of world’s largest goldfields • End of 1871—50,000 people lived in Kimberley mining camp • Cecil Rhodes gained control at age 16 • Imperialism over African slaves provoked racial discrimination • Led to Apartheid Cecil Rhodes, notablebiographies.com Brittanica.com

12. The Boer War • The Boer war was between the British and the two, Boer Republics of Transvaal and Orange Free State • Boers were descendents of Dutch settlers, who lived in the area of what we call South Africa • Boers had tried to get away from British rule, and set up their own republics elsewhere • Valuable resources such as diamond and gold, were found in the Boer Republics, causing war to break out between the two groups http://www.infobarrel.com/media/image/1582.jpg

13. Boer War, con’t • British used extremely cruel and harsh tactics to get the Boers to surrender, such as concentration camps • After 3 years at war, the Boers finally surrendered in 1902 • The two republics were put under British control and united with the Cape Colony, creating the union of South Africa • This creation was the start of the years of racial segregation to come, because the government set up by British rule was run by Whites http://media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lyiytjy4Io1qbvnui.jpg

14. Segregation—South Africa • Series of laws were passed by an all white parliament, which chipped away at the rights of blacks • Mines and Work Act of 1911 and 1926 • Whites received higher wages than blacks • 1913 Native Land Act • Daniel Malan; Prime Minister Historycentral.com

15. Segregation of South Africa, con’t • Apartheid: Based on African word for separation; system of racial segregation and white supremacy • Apartheid governed every aspect of peoples life • 1950 Population Registration Act • Blacks were issued passbooks • Blacks could be arrested if not having the passes upload.wikimedia.org; www.macalester.edu

16. Sources • Africa: Continent in the Balance. Philadelphia: Mason Crest, 2005. Print. • http://wombat.cusd.chico.k12.ca.us/~bsilva/projects/scramble/ • http://africanhistory.about.com/od/eracolonialism/a/ScrambleWhy.htm\ • http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/livingstone_david.shtml • http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/empires/0048.html • http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/ 501604/Cecil-John-Rhodes • http://www.wholesomewords.org/mission/bliving3.html • http://apsva.us/page/13028 • http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/imperialism.+19th-century+European • http://lakeplacidcsd.net/lpcsweb.highschool/time/impreli.html • http://www.bbb.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofaftrica/8chapter4.shtml • http://school.eb.com/eb/article-43774?query=christian%20missionaries %20in520africa&ct=null • http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/boer_wars_01.shtml • http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WARboer.htm