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Imperialism in Africa

Imperialism in Africa. Africa Before Imperialism. Divided into hundreds of ethnic and linguistic groups Europe only controlled 10% of the continent. Motives for Imperialism. Need for raw materials and new markets Economic competition Nationalism Social Darwinism Missionaries.

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Imperialism in Africa

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  1. Imperialism in Africa

  2. Africa Before Imperialism • Divided into hundreds of ethnic and linguistic groups • Europe only controlled 10% of the continent

  3. Motives for Imperialism • Need for raw materials and new markets • Economic competition • Nationalism • Social Darwinism • Missionaries

  4. What made it possible? • European military superiority- Maxim gun- first automatic weapon • Quinine- fights against malaria • Steam boat, improved communications • African disunity

  5. Belgians in the Congo • King Leopold II gains control in 1882 • Forced labor • Excessive taxation

  6. Berlin Conference 1884-1885 • Europeans can claim land if they can control it • By 1914 only Ethiopia and Liberia remained free from European control

  7. What did Africa have? • Rich mineral resources like copper and tin • Diamonds • Gold

  8. Boer War in South Africa • Boer- Dutch settler in South Africa • Great Trek- 1830s- Boers move north • Boer war 1899-1902- Britain vs. Boers and Britain won

  9. Forms of Colonial Control • Colony- country or region governed internally by a foreign power • Protectorate – A country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power

  10. Sphere of Influence – an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges • Economic Imperialism – Independent but less developed nationals controlled by private business interests rather than by other governments

  11. How did they manage the colonies? • Indirect control – limited self-rule, where local officials were used. The goal was to develop future leaders • Direct control – no self-rule. Foreign officials brought used. The goal is assimiliation

  12. African Resistance • Active resistance and religious movements largely unsuccessful • Ethiopia- only successful resistance – Melenik II – Battle of Adowa 1896

  13. Were there positive effects of imperialism? • Reduced local warfare • Increased life span • Increased literacy rates • Railroads, dams, telephone, telegraph

  14. What were the negative effects? • Africans lost land and independence • Breakdown of traditional culture • Division of the African continent

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