Bluebooking for Id. iots. Orientation 2007-2008

1. Bluebooking for Id.iots.Orientation 2007-2008 • STUDENT COMMENT ORGANIZATION • THE BLUEBOOK • RIPL STYLE GUIDE • GRAMMER [sic]

2. THE BLUEBOOK What Is The Blue Book? ALWD for Law Reviews What is the Difference Between The Blue Book and ALWD? SMALL CAPS

3. THE BLUEBOOKOrganization R10: Cases R11: Constitution R12: Statutes R13: Legislative Materials R14: Administrative and Executive Materials R15: Books, Reports, and Other Nonperiodic Materials R16: Periodical Materials R17: Unpublished and Forthcoming Sources (Speeches, Letters, etc.) R18: Electronic Media (Internet sources) R19: Services R20: Foreign Materials (Common law statutes) R21: International Materials

4. THE BLUEBOOKOrganization (cont.) “T” Sections  at the end of The Blue Book Abbreviations: Case Names, Countries, Dates, etc.

5. STUDENT COMMENTOrganization • Introduction • Attention Grabbing Quote Some Background to Paper Roadmap • Background • Everything Out There On Your Topic – Case Law, Journals, etc. • Teach Yourself the Law • Analysis • Objective Observations – e.g., Compare & Contrast • Discussion • Thoughts, Formulations, Opinions, Logical Conclusions Based Off Analysis • Conclusion • Summary

6. STUDENT COMMENTOrganization (cont) • Main Text • Endnotes (not footnotes)

7. RIPL Style Guide I. RIPL-Specific Citation Rules • Citations in Endnotes: All endnotes should begin with a citation! • BE CREATIVE! • Use Your SIGNALS E.g. Compare Accord Contra See But see See also But cf. Cf. See generally BB. p.46-47

8. RIPL Style Guide I. RIPL-Specific Citation Rules • Multiple Pages, Footnotes, Endnotes, Sections & Paragraphs • USE an “en” dash • In WORD: Insert  Symbols  Special Characters Tab

9. RIPL Style Guide I. RIPL-Specific Citation Rules • Internal Cross-References ---- Limited Usage (TEXT ONLY!) • What CAN You Do?  See infra (supra) Part III.D.1 • What CAN You Do?  See supra text accompanying note 34 • What CAN’T You Do  See sources cited supra note 24. Do NOT Apply to Rule 4.2 Rule 4.2 involves the usage of supra when you are trying to “short cite” law review articles, etc. More on that Later

10. RIPL Style Guide I. RIPL-Specific Citation Rules • INTERNET SOURCES • Use Only If Absolutely Necessary! • COMMON OCCURRENCE: • Magazine or Newspaper has an online source • CITE TO THE HARDCOPY VERSION

11. RIPL Style Guide I. RIPL-Specific Citation Rules 7. Short Cites Cases FULL: Acumed LLC v. Stryker Corp., 483 F.3d 800 (Fed. Cir. 2007) SHORT: Acumed, 483 F.3d at 808. Statute Rule 12.9(c) FULL: 35 U.S.C. § 271 (2006) SHORT: 35 U.S.C. § 271OR § 271 NOTE: Spell out word “section” in TEXT; May Use “§” In CITATION

12. RIPL Style Guide I. RIPL-Specific Citation Rules 7. Short Cites (Cont.) Rule 4.2 Supra [Legislative hearings, books, pamphlets, reports, unpublishedmaterials, nonprint sources, periodicals, services, treaties, international agreements, regulations, directives, decisions of intergovernmental organizations] FULL (First Time Citing) e.n. 1. Charles A. Reich, The New Property, 73 YALE L.J. 733, 737-38 (1964) SHORT: (Subsequent Times Citing) e.n. 14. Reich, supra note 1, at 738.

13. RIPL Style Guide I. RIPL-Specific Citation Rules 7. Short Cites (Cont.) Rule 4.2 Hereinafter [Use when cumbersome to cite with the usual supra or when regular shortened form would confuse reader] FULL (First Time Citing) e.n. 21. Bronwyn H. Hall, Adam B. Jaffe & Manuel Trajtenberg, The NBER Patent Citations Date File: Lessons, Insights, and Methodological Tools, PATENTS, CITATIONS & INNOVATIONS, 403 (2002) [hereinafter The NBER Patent Citations Data File]. NOTE: Hereinafter good when using long internet cites! SHORT: (Subsequent Times Citing) e.n. 34. The NBER Patent Citations Data File, supra note 21, at 403.

14. RIPL Style Guide I. RIPL-Specific Citation Rules • Short Cites • RULE: Short cite a case if the case is (1) already cited in the same footnote or (2) cited (in either full or short form, including id.) in a manner such that it can be readily found in one of the preceding 5 footnotes. • Acumed LLC v. Stryker Corp., 483 F.3d 800, 803 (Fed. Cir. 2007). • Id. • Charles A. Reich, The New Property, 73 YALE L.J. 733, 737-38 (1964). • Id. • Id. • Id. • Id. [Acumed, 483 F.3d at 804.] • Acumed LLC v. Stryker Corp., 483 F.3d 800, 804 (Fed. Cir. 2007). • NOTE: N/A when using supra and hereinafter.

15. RIPL Style Guide I. RIPL-Specific Citation Rules • Id. Rule 4.1 • RULE 1: Id. may be used in citation sentences and clausesFOR ANY KIND OF AUTHORITY EXCEPT RULE 3.5 INTERNAL CROSS-REFERENCES • Acumed LLC v. Stryker Corp., 483 F.3d 800, 803 (Fed. Cir. 2007). • Id. • Charles A. Reich, The New Property, 73 YALE L.J. 733, 737-38 (1964). • Id. • Acumed, 483 F.3d at 803. • Reich, supra note 3, at 738. • Id. • 35 U.S.C. § 271 (2006). • Id. • Reich, supra note 3, at 737. • 11. 35 U.S.C. § 271 (or § 271). • Seesupra text accompanying note 3. • See supra text accompanying note 3.

16. RIPL Style Guide I. RIPL-Specific Citation Rules • Id. Rule 4.1 • RULE 2: In court documents and legal memoranda, use id. when citing the immediately preceding authority, but only when the immediately preceding citation contains only one authority. • Acumed LLC v. Stryker Corp., 483 F.3d 800, 803 (Fed. Cir. 2007); see also Charles A. Reich, The New Property, 73 YALE L.J. 733, 737 (1964) (explaining what life is like in the nineteen-sixties). • Reich, supra note 1, at 738. • Id. • NOTE:IGNORE this rule when other authorities are in explanatory parenthetical, explanatory phrase, or prior/subsequent history. • A v. B, 12 F.2d 484, 490 (2000) (quoting C v. D, 11 F.3d 112, 116 (1999)). • See id. at 495.

17. RIPL Style Guide I. RIPL-Specific Citation Rules 7. Id.ing Statutes 1. 35 U.S.C. § 271(a) (2006). 2. Id. 3. Id. § 271(b). In other words: NO “at”

18. RIPL Style Guide III. Common Blue Book Errors in RIPL Articles and Comments • Block Quotes: > 50 Words • Rebuttable Presumption: DO NOT BLOCK QUOTE  SUMMARIZE • What will Rebut? • Statutes, Famous Speech, Cardozo quote

19. RIPL Style Guide III. Common Blue Book Errors in RIPL Articles and Comments 4. RIPL Typeface Conventions for Case Names

20. RIPL Style Guide III. Common Blue Book Errors in RIPL Articles and Comments 5. Italicizing Commas and Periods RULE: Italicize the “period” after the Id.Id. RULE: A comma contained within a signal is italicized, but a comma that follows a signal is NOT See, e.g.,

21. GRAMMAR What Comment Editors Look for When Grading Comments? • 1. Faulty parallelism; • 2. Split infinitives; • 3. Comma misuse; • 4. Improper quotations; • 5. Improper use of possessives; • 6. Shifting verb tenses; • 7. Dangling modifiers; • 8. Noun-verb agreement;

22. GRAMMAR 1. Faulty Parallelism When two asymmetrical or dissimilar elements of a sentence are grouped together BAD Shakespeare wrote comedies, tragedies, romances, and the plays based on historical figures. GOOD Shakespeare wrote comedies, tragedies, romances, and history plays.

23. GRAMMAR 2. Split Infinitives When the “to” and the “verb” have been “split” by an adverb FAMOUS SPLIT INFINITIVE: To Boldly Go Where No Man Has Gone Before Another Example: He needed to quickly go to the store. Correction: He needed to go to the store quickly.

24. GRAMMAR • 3. Comma Misuse SUBJECTIVE and OBJECTIVE • Comma before a conjunction when there is no second subject: • The Federal Circuit held the patent invalid due to anticipating prior art, and also held the patent unenforceable due to inequitable conduct. • Comma before “if” • The district court judge instructed the parties to set a pretrial conference date, if they could not reach a settlement agreement in one week. • Comma after “that” • In order to be home for Thanksgiving, the law student purchased a plane ticket, that cost her twice as much as she expected.

25. GRAMMAR • 4. Improper Quotations – No explanation needed • 5. Improper Use of Possessives • it’s not its, their not they’re or there, Defendants’ • Shifting verb tenses • - When she goes to law school, she brought her laptop. • - MORE COMMON: Change of tense between sentences in the same paragraph, or, the same paper.

26. GRAMMAR • Dangling Modifiers • DEFINITION: A dangling modifier is a word or phrase that modifies a word not clearly stated in the sentence. A modifier describes, clarifies, or gives more detail about a concept. • BAD: After finishing the brief, the drinks were distributed at the bar. • FIX: After finishing the brief, the attorney went to the bar. • Noun-Verb Agreement • A group of RIPL students is falling asleep to this presentation.

27. GRAMMAR That v. Which Use “that” for Restrictive clauses Use “which” for Nonrestrictive clauses A restrictive clause is one that limits, or restricts, the scope of the noun it is referring to. Example: The house that is painted pink has just been sold.The house,which is painted pink, has just been sold. RULE: when using “that” do NOT use commas. When using “which,” you MUST use commas

28. GRAMMAR Who v. Which v. That Who refers to people. That and which refer to groups or things. PJ is the one who . . . Jake is on the teamthat . . .

29. GRAMMAR Passive Voice: Use of “to be” Avoid! BAD: The holding of Macdonald is that an . . . GOOD: The court in Macdonald held that . . .