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Dawn of the Industrial Age. Mr. Divett. Industrial Revolution. People used to live in farming villages. In the mid-1700s machines replaced simple tools. This started in Britain. This became known as the Industrial Revolution. Farming Village. Pre-Industrial Revolution.
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Dawn of the Industrial Age Mr. Divett
Industrial Revolution • People used to live in farming villages. • In the mid-1700s machines replaced simple tools. • This started in Britain. • This became known as the Industrial Revolution.
Pre-Industrial Revolution • People knew little about the world outside of their town. • Most people had never travel further than a horse drawn cart could take them. • Most people: • Grew their own food • Lived in cabins • Lived by firelight and candle
Industrial Revolution • Changes from the Industrial Revolution: • Shift to towns and cities from villages • Purchasing of clothing and food • Travel by way of train and steamship • Communication by telegraph • Advances in science
New Innovations • The first use of anesthetic in dental work occurred between 1830 and 1855. • The first sewing machine invented by an American. • The speed of light was measured by a French physicist. • Antiseptic techniques reduced death from childbirth.
More Changes • Skyscrapers • Suburbs
Agriculture Spurs Industry • Farming methods were unchanged for 11,000 years. • The Dutch were responsible for some of the first agricultural innovations: • Dikes • Fertilizer
British Improve on Dutch Methods • Farming ideas spread through journals. • New ideas: • Mixing soils • Crop Rotation • Turnips growing to restore exhausted soil • Seed drill, invented by JethroTull
Enclosure • The British Parliament passed legislation that facilitated enclosure. • Enclosure is the taking over and consolidation of peasant land for farming. • Farm output increased. • Laborers found themselves out of work and had to move to cities to work with machines.
Population Increase • Britain’s population increased from 5 million in 1700 to almost 9 million in 1800. • Europe’s population rose from 120 million yo 180 million for the same period. • This was due to: • Reduced risk of death • Surplus of food • Better hygiene and sanitation
New Technology • New energy: • Coal • Steam • Thomas Newcomen developed steam engine in 1712 • James Watt perfected it 1764 and it became the main power source of the Industrial Revolution. • Steam was used to power locomotives and steamships
Iron • Coal was used to smelt iron, or separate the iron from its ore. • This technique was pioneered by the Darby family. • Iron was less expensive and better quality from the new technique. • Abraham Darby III built the worlds first iron bridge. • Iron later became used in railroads.
