Dawn of the Industrial Age

1. Dawn of the Industrial Age Why the transition from Agrarian to Industrial Society?

2. Overview • Most people have lived in small farming villages up until the mid 1700s. • Several changes in the way society operated set in motion what we now call the Industrial Revolution. • This is a time period that will change the face of the world forever. • This is a time period that will create the world that we live in today.

3. New Inventions and Discoveries • Trains, steam engines, anesthetic (pain killer for surgery), sewing machine, measure of speed of light, antiseptic methods to reduce the number of women dying in child birth. • Many changes were happening and these new discoveries and inventions would change the way daily life was forever. -imagine sewing every individual stitch of your clothes by hand and then someone giving you a sewing machine (life just got easier)

4. Agricultural Revolution is the Beginning • Improved Methods of Farming- fertilizer, crop rotation and JethroTull’s invention of the seed drill. This is why crops are planted in rows now. • Enclosure- rich land owners began to fence in their land and close it off to make it easier to raise livestock and distinguish between lands. -profits rose but jobs began to disappear with the new technology -these farm workers who lost their jobs began to migrate to the cities.

5. Population Exploded • With more food being produced and more machines doing the work. People were much more able to reproduce because of increased nutrition and spare time. • Better nutrition is going to be the biggest contributor- people were more healthy, less people died, therefore the population continued to grow.

6. Two Major Improvements in Technology Energy Revolution Improved Iron Iron was needed to build factories and machines. Abraham Darby used coal to smelt iron, or separate the iron from its ore. (purify) Darby found a way to produce a less-expensive yet higher quality iron. This iron would be necessary in the building of railroads. • Coal becomes the new major source of energy. • People found that burning coal was a strong and efficient form of energy production. • Scottish Engineer, James Watt, modified existing steam engines to create on that would produce energy that was vital to the success of the industrial revolution.

7. Industrial Revolution begins in BritainWhy? • Resources- Britain had large coal and iron. Many people were freed from farm work because of the Agricultural Revolution and moved to the cities to meet the demand for labor. • Technology- Britain had many skilled mechanics able to develop new practical inventions to meet the growing demand of industry. • Capital- (wealth) The British slave trade and colonial production had allowed many British businessmen to accumulate capital, or wealth. They then used this money to invest in Industry. -Shipping, Mining, Railroads, Factories

8. New and Improved Textile Industry • Textiles- woven cloth products • New Inventions- Several new weaving machines were created to speed up the process of spinning thread and making cloth products. • The First Factories- These new machines had to be housed somewhere so business owners built factories to increase efficiency. -Factories- brought people together with machines to produce large quantities of goods. -Efficiency- producing the most with the least amount of effort.

9. Transportation Improvements Steam Locomotive Steam Ship Robert Fulton developed a boat powered by a steam engine. This revolutionary invention allowed people to move goods up and down rivers. Before this ships could only travel down river with the flow of the water. • George Stephenson developed steam-powered locomotives (train engines). • Tracks did not have to follow the river. People could easily travel across country much quicker.