Dawn of the Industrial Revolution

1. Dawn of the Industrial Revolution 19.1

2. Life Changes As Industry Spreads • In 1750 most people worked the land with hand made tools. • By 1850 the Industrial Revolution began to push out the old way of doing things. • Villages grew into industrial towns and cities. • Trains, steamships, and the telegraph moved people and ideas faster. • By 1855 the sewing machines, antiseptics, anesthesia, and the speed of light had been discovered.

3. Agriculture Spurs Industry • The Dutch first improved outdated farming methods. • Built dikes to reclaim land from the sea, combined smaller fields to gain higher yields, and used fertilizer. • British farmers built upon Dutch innovations. • Crops were rotated to build back nutrients lost in the soil. Soils were mixed to grow more crops. • Lord Charles Townsend urged famers to grow turnips and other vegetables that would replenish the soil. • Jethro Tull invented the seed drill which replaced the practice of scattering seeds by hand.

4. Agriculture Spurs Industry Enclosure- rich landowners taking over and consolidating land once owned by peasants • The British Parliament passed laws to help this occur. • Farm output and profits increased which led to a population boom. Farm workers and poor farmers were made obsolete by these large, efficient farms. These poor workers moved to cities and became factory workers.

5. New Technology Becomes Key • Coal was a vital power source used to develop the steam engine. • Thomas Newcomen invented the steam engine to pump water out of mines. James Watt restructured the steam engine to make it more efficient. The invention later became the power source of the Industrial Revolution. • Coal was used to smelt iron, or separate it from ore. • Smelting created cheaper priced and higher quality iron.